In the previous simulation experime

In the previous simulation experiments, we demon- strate the bias problem of TCP Vegas in the net- work with multiple congested gateways. The simu- lation results show clearly that the number of con- gested gateways and the traffic load in the gate- way have a strong effect on the throughput of the multiple-hop connections. The analysis in section 3 shows that the sender of the multiple-hop con- nection cannot distinguish the multiple congestions from single congestion. As a result, the throughput of multiple-hop connection .is reduced significantly.
We use the network with N=4 to illustrate this phenomena. We consider the following two cases as ' discussed in section 3.