108. Which of the following often o

108. Which of the following often occur in decompensated heart failure?
A) Edema of the heart muscle
B) Increased norepinephrine in cardiac sympathetic nerves
C) Increased calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cells
D) Decreased right atrial pressure
E) Increased arterial pressure
109. Which of the following would be normally beneficial for patients with acute pulmonary edema?
A) Place tourniquets on all four limbs
B) Infuse plasma
C) Infuse dextran
D) Infuse norepinephrine
E) Infuse angiotensin II
110. Which of the following is associated with compensated heart failure?
A) Increased cardiac output
B) Increased blood volume
C) Decreased mean systemic filling pressure
D) Normal right atrial pressure
111. Which of the following conditions is normally associated with an increase in mean systemic filling
pressure?
A) Decreased blood volume
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Sympathetic inhibition
D) Venous dilation
112. Which of the following conditions normally occurs during the early stages of compensated heart
failure?
A) Increased right atrial pressure
B) Normal heart rate
C) Decreased angiotensin II release
D) Decreased aldosterone release
E) Increased urinary output of sodium and water
113. Which of the following often occur during decompensated heart failure?
A) Hypertension
B) Increased mean pulmonary filling pressure
C) Decreased pulmonary capillary pressure
D) Increased cardiac output
E) Increased norepinephrine in the endings of the cardiac sympathetic nerves
114. Which of the following often occur in decompensated heart failure?
A) Increased renal loss of sodium and water
B) Decreased mean systemic filling pressure
C) Increased norepinephrine in cardiac sympathetic nerves
D) Orthopnea
E) Weight loss
115. An 80-year-old male patient at UMC has been diagnosed with a heart murmur. Chest x-ray shows
an enlarged heart but no edema fluid in the lungs. The mean QRS axis of his EKG is 170°. Pulmonary
wedge pressure is normal. What is the diagnosis?
A) Mitral stenosis
B) Aortic stenosis
C) Pulmonary valve stenosis
D) Tricuspid stenosis
E) Mitral regurgitation
116. Which of the following is associated with the second heart sound?
A) In-rushing of blood into the ventricles due to atrial contraction
B) Closing of the A-V valves
C) Closing of the pulmonary valve
D) Opening of the A-V valves
E) In-rushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole
117. A 40-year-old woman has been diagnosed with a heart murmur. A “blowing” murmur of relatively
high pitch is heard maximally over the left ventricle. The chest x-ray shows an enlarged heart. Arterial
pressure in the aorta is 140/40 mm Hg. What is the diagnosis?
A) Aortic valve stenosis
B) Aortic valve regurgitation
C) Pulmonary valve stenosis
D) Mitral valve stenosis
E) Tricuspid valve regurgitation
118. In which of the following disorders would left ventricular hypertrophy normally occur?
A) Pulmonary valve regurgitation
B) Tricuspid regurgitation
C) Mitral stenosis
D) Tricuspid stenosis
E) Aortic stenosis
119. Which of the following heart murmurs is heard during systole?
A) Aortic valve regurgitation
B) Pulmonary valve regurgitation
C) Tricuspid valve stenosis
D) Mitral valve stenosis
E) Patent ductus arteriosus
120. An increase in left atrial pressure is most likely to occur in which of the following heart murmurs?
A) Tricuspid stenosis
B) Pulmonary valve regurgitation
C) Mitral regurgitation
D) Tricuspid regurgitation