follows, it will be easier for project managers and their teams to plan and do their work. Ifthe organization uses the project plans as the basis for performing work and monitoringprogress during execution, the culture will promote the relationship between good planningand execution. On the other hand, if organizations have confusing or bureaucraticproject management guidelines that hinder getting work done or measuring progressagainst plans, project managers and their teams will be frustrated.Even with a supportive organizational culture, project managers may sometimesfind it necessary to break the rules to produce project results in a timely manner. Whenproject managers break the rules, politics will play a role in the results. For example, ifa particular project requires use of nonstandard software, the project manager must usepolitical skills to convince concerned stakeholders that using standard software would beinadequate. Breaking organizational rules—and getting away with it—requires excellentleadership, communication, and political skills.4.6c Capitalizing on Product, Business, and Application Area KnowledgeIn addition to strong leadership, communication, and political skills, project managersneed to possess product, business, and application area knowledge to execute projectssuccessfully. It is often helpful for IT project managers to have prior technical experienceor at least a working knowledge of IT products. For example, if the project manager were
leading a team to help define user requirements, it would be helpful to understand the
language of the business and technical experts on the team. See Chapter 5, Project Scope
Management, for more information on collecting requirements.
Many IT projects are small, so project managers may be required to perform some
technical work or mentor team members to complete the project. For example, a threemonth
project to develop a web-based application with only three team members would
benefit most from a project manager who can complete some of the technical work. On
larger projects, however, the project manager’s primary responsibility is to lead the team
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