1. these guidelines have been reproduced by the permission of the institute for thermal processing specialist. Additonal copies and information can be obtained by addressing this institute at P.O. Box 2764, Fairfax , VA 22030 – 0764.The selection of the test retort from a series of production retorts assumes that they are all of the same type (horizontal or vertical), and that they have the same system for the introduction and distribution of the heating and cooling media and the same medium, spreader, pumps, fans, and so on, should aloso be subject to be separate tests as the temperature distribution may well be different.The MIG thermometer, for many years a standard reference TMD in retorts, is being replaced more and more by resistance temperature detectors (RTD) or thermistors. In addition th their acccuracy and reliability, these devices have the added advantage that they produce a digital readout of the temperature that can be mounted in a location more easily read by the retort operator than the MIG. They have a quicker response time than the conventional MIG, as well as the added advantage of reading to the tenth of a degree, whereas the tenth of a degree must be estimated on most MIGs used in retorts. Recorders can be incoporated to record continuously temperatures or at prescribed time intervals, thus saving the retort operetor the effort of reading and record retort temperatures. Details on constuction, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of RTD-based temperature measurement can be found in ASTM (1988).The reference TMD should be standardized and calibrated against a standard reference thermometer to ensure that it accurately measures the temperature. This should be done under the sam coditions as encountered in the retort. This is critical as the reference TMD will be used to calibrate the TMDs used in the temperature distribution study. Variations between TMDs on the oder described earlier in the IFTPS guidelines are normally enountered. Many workers use the deviation from the reference TMD as a correction factor and apply the correction to all subsequent readings.Despite the efforts in calibration and compensation for deviations, errors and failures do result during tests. Be prepared for these because they will happen. All equipment should be adequately grounded and the recorder placed in as dry and steam-free a location as possible under the cook-room conditions. Only themocouple-grade wire should be used and should have insulation material capable of withstanding the temperatures and moisture encountered in the retorts.Precautionary measures should be taken to advoid certain sources of error for temperature recording associated with the use of extension wires and connectors. The sources, listed by Pflug (1975), include:• Disparity in thermal emf between thermocouples and extension wires,• Temperature differences between to wire junctions,• Reversed polarity at the thermocouple extension wire junctions,• An appreciable difference in thermal emf characteristics of the connector material as compared with the thermocouple extension wires (Pflig, 1975).
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
