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16.9CONGESTION CONTROLSCTP, like TC
16.9CONGESTION CONTROL
SCTP, like TCP, is a transport layer protocol with packets subject to congestion in the
network. The SCTP designers have used the same strategies we described for congestion
control in Chapter 15 for TCP. SCTP has slow start (exponential increase), congestion
avoidance (additive increase), and congestion detection (multiplicative decrease)
phases. Like TCP, SCTP also uses fast retransmission and fast recovery.
Congestion Control and Multihoming
Congestion control in SCTP is more complicated since the host may have more than
one IP address. In this case, there can be more than one path for the data in the network.
Each of these paths may encounter different levels of congestion. This implies that the
site needs to have different values of cwnd for each IP address.
Explicit Congestion Notification
Explicit congestion notification (ECN), as defined for other wide area networks, is a
process that enables a receiver to explicitly inform the sender of any congestion experi-
enced in the network. If a receiver encounters many delayed or lost packets, it is an
indication of probable congestion. SCTP can use an ECN option in the INIT and INIT
ACK chunks to allow both ends to negotiate the use of ECN. If both parties agree, the
receiver can inform the sender of congestion by sending an ECNE (explicit congestion
notification echo) chunk with each packet until it receives a CWR (congestion window
reduce) chunk to show that the sender has reduced its cwnd. We have not discussed
these two chunks because they are not yet part of the standard and because the discus-
sion of explicit congestion notification is beyond the scope of this book.
SCTP, like TCP, is a transport layer protocol with packets subject to congestion in the
network. The SCTP designers have used the same strategies we described for congestion
control in Chapter 15 for TCP. SCTP has slow start (exponential increase), congestion
avoidance (additive increase), and congestion detection (multiplicative decrease)
phases. Like TCP, SCTP also uses fast retransmission and fast recovery.
Congestion Control and Multihoming
Congestion control in SCTP is more complicated since the host may have more than
one IP address. In this case, there can be more than one path for the data in the network.
Each of these paths may encounter different levels of congestion. This implies that the
site needs to have different values of cwnd for each IP address.
Explicit Congestion Notification
Explicit congestion notification (ECN), as defined for other wide area networks, is a
process that enables a receiver to explicitly inform the sender of any congestion experi-
enced in the network. If a receiver encounters many delayed or lost packets, it is an
indication of probable congestion. SCTP can use an ECN option in the INIT and INIT
ACK chunks to allow both ends to negotiate the use of ECN. If both parties agree, the
receiver can inform the sender of congestion by sending an ECNE (explicit congestion
notification echo) chunk with each packet until it receives a CWR (congestion window
reduce) chunk to show that the sender has reduced its cwnd. We have not discussed
these two chunks because they are not yet part of the standard and because the discus-
sion of explicit congestion notification is beyond the scope of this book.
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16.9CONGESTION KIỂM SOÁTSCTP, như TCP, là một giao thức lớp vận tải với gói dữ liệu bị tắc nghẽn trong cácmạng. Các nhà thiết kế SCTP đã sử dụng cùng một chiến lược mà chúng tôi mô tả cho tắc nghẽnkiểm soát trong chương 15 cho TCP. SCTP đã bắt đầu chậm (mũ tăng), tắc nghẽntránh (phụ gia tăng), và tắc nghẽn phát hiện (kiểu Giảm)giai đoạn. Giống như TCP, SCTP cũng sử dụng nhanh chóng retransmission và phục hồi nhanh chóng.Kiểm soát tắc nghẽn và Multihoming Kiểm soát tắc nghẽn trong SCTP là phức tạp hơn kể từ khi các máy chủ có thể có nhiều hơnmột địa chỉ IP. Trong trường hợp này, có thể có nhiều hơn một con đường cho dữ liệu trong mạng.Mỗi người trong số các đường dẫn có thể gặp phải các cấp độ khác nhau của tắc nghẽn. Điều này ngụ ý rằng cácTrang web cần có các giá trị khác nhau của cwnd cho mỗi địa chỉ IP.Rõ ràng tắc nghẽn NotificationRõ ràng tắc nghẽn notification (ECN), như defined cho mạng diện rộng khác, là mộtquá trình mà cho phép một bộ tiếp nhận một cách rõ ràng thông báo cho người gửi bất cứ tắc nghẽn experi-enced trong mạng. Nếu một bộ tiếp nhận gặp nhiều người bị trì hoãn hoặc bị mất gói dữ liệu, nó là mộtdấu hiệu của tắc nghẽn có thể xảy ra. SCTP có thể sử dụng một tùy chọn ECN INIT và INITACK khối để cho phép cả hai kết thúc đàm phán việc sử dụng của ECN. Nếu cả hai bên đồng ý, cácngười nhận có thể thông báo cho người gửi của tắc nghẽn bằng cách gửi một ECNE (rõ ràng tắc nghẽnnotification echo) đoạn với mỗi gói tin cho đến khi nó nhận được một CWR (tắc nghẽn cửa sổ««««làm giảm) đoạn để hiển thị rằng người gửi đã giảm cwnd của nó. Chúng tôi không có thảo luậnhai khối bởi vì họ là không được là một phần của các tiêu chuẩn và vì đĩa -Sion rõ ràng tắc nghẽn notification là vượt ra ngoài phạm vi của cuốn sách này.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
16.9CONGESTION CONTROL
SCTP, like TCP, is a transport layer protocol with packets subject to congestion in the
network. The SCTP designers have used the same strategies we described for congestion
control in Chapter 15 for TCP. SCTP has slow start (exponential increase), congestion
avoidance (additive increase), and congestion detection (multiplicative decrease)
phases. Like TCP, SCTP also uses fast retransmission and fast recovery.
Congestion Control and Multihoming
Congestion control in SCTP is more complicated since the host may have more than
one IP address. In this case, there can be more than one path for the data in the network.
Each of these paths may encounter different levels of congestion. This implies that the
site needs to have different values of cwnd for each IP address.
Explicit Congestion Notification
Explicit congestion notification (ECN), as defined for other wide area networks, is a
process that enables a receiver to explicitly inform the sender of any congestion experi-
enced in the network. If a receiver encounters many delayed or lost packets, it is an
indication of probable congestion. SCTP can use an ECN option in the INIT and INIT
ACK chunks to allow both ends to negotiate the use of ECN. If both parties agree, the
receiver can inform the sender of congestion by sending an ECNE (explicit congestion
notification echo) chunk with each packet until it receives a CWR (congestion window
reduce) chunk to show that the sender has reduced its cwnd. We have not discussed
these two chunks because they are not yet part of the standard and because the discus-
sion of explicit congestion notification is beyond the scope of this book.
SCTP, like TCP, is a transport layer protocol with packets subject to congestion in the
network. The SCTP designers have used the same strategies we described for congestion
control in Chapter 15 for TCP. SCTP has slow start (exponential increase), congestion
avoidance (additive increase), and congestion detection (multiplicative decrease)
phases. Like TCP, SCTP also uses fast retransmission and fast recovery.
Congestion Control and Multihoming
Congestion control in SCTP is more complicated since the host may have more than
one IP address. In this case, there can be more than one path for the data in the network.
Each of these paths may encounter different levels of congestion. This implies that the
site needs to have different values of cwnd for each IP address.
Explicit Congestion Notification
Explicit congestion notification (ECN), as defined for other wide area networks, is a
process that enables a receiver to explicitly inform the sender of any congestion experi-
enced in the network. If a receiver encounters many delayed or lost packets, it is an
indication of probable congestion. SCTP can use an ECN option in the INIT and INIT
ACK chunks to allow both ends to negotiate the use of ECN. If both parties agree, the
receiver can inform the sender of congestion by sending an ECNE (explicit congestion
notification echo) chunk with each packet until it receives a CWR (congestion window
reduce) chunk to show that the sender has reduced its cwnd. We have not discussed
these two chunks because they are not yet part of the standard and because the discus-
sion of explicit congestion notification is beyond the scope of this book.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
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