There has been an 18% increase in high school students reporting they attend schools where drugs were available, with 20% claimed they could buy cannabis within one hour and an additional 19% of students report they could do so within a day. There appears to be a reduction in the number of schools that were drug-free, although catholic and religious schools seemed more able to maintain a drug-free environment (76% to 58%). The size of the school is important with only 12% of young people at risk for substance abuse in schools with less than 800 students compared with 25% in school with more than 1200 students. A liberal attitude to smoking on school grounds may be important, with only 36% of schools where smoking occurs being drug-free, compared with 73% of schools where smoking does not occur (CASA, 2003). This is reflected in other international studies (Oezcan & Oezcan, 2002). The likelihood of illicit drug use may be reduced by positive social involvement at school (PDPC, 2004; Stronski et al., 2000) or by school-based or out of school extracurricular activities (even in the face of peer group influence) (Borden, 2001). Problematic adolescent drug users are under represented in school-based initiatives because of low commitment to school, frequent absence, truancy or dropping out (Tobler, 1992; Crompton, 2003).
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