The United States Department of Education describes“giftedness” as exceptionally advanced performance or the potential for outstanding performance inintellectual, creative, leadership, artistic, or specific academic fields. Children who demonstrateoutstanding talents come from all social, cultural, and economic groups.2 Educators believe that gifted students require special education services because their learningneeds differ significantly from those of the general population. They learn more rapidly and are able tounderstand more abstract and complex ideas. They are also able to transform existing knowledge intonew and useful forms, and to create new knowledge recognized for its originality, complexity, andelegance. Special education services and facilities for gifted children may enhance these abilities. Inaddition, some gifted learners may require special counseling services to address social or emotionaladjustment issues that are complicated by their exceptional abilities.3 Many regular elementary and secondary schools in the United States offer special programs designedspecifically to meet the needs of gifted students. Some schools provide specialized education programsto gifted children exclusively. These schools offer advanced education in mathematics, science,technology, the arts, or other academic disciplines. Many school districts rely on intelligence tests toidentify gifted students. However, most guidelines for determining giftedness recommend the use of acombination of standardized test scores, rating systems developed by individual schools, classroomobservational records, and performance assessments.4 Gifted children may study a specially modified curriculum or may progress through academic subjectsat an accelerated pace. Acceleration involves adapting education programs so that students mayprogress through particular subject material quicker than usual. These modifications may take placewithin the regular classroom setting or they may involve changing the child’s placement in school. Somegifted children gain early entrance to kindergarten, skip grades, enter college earlier than usual, or takespecific courses with older children. Ideal programs for gifted students consider the individual needs ofchildren and offer multiple options for services. These programs generally involve both advancedcourse materials and acceleration.
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