Historical perspectives 137 Illegal

Historical perspectives 137
Illegal trade has also been observed in connection with mining and with the copper and iron industries. Those branches were also thoroughly regulated until the nineteenth century, and trade with copper, iron and charcoal was restricted in many ways. At times the copper trade was completely monopolized. However, it is well known that quite a lot of illicit trade occurred in the mining districts during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuri.. The trade monopolies and the compulsory weighing of copper (which also meant that certain dutieo had to be paid) were avoided. The exact site of this illicit trade is unknown but several measures were taken to put an end to it. Merchants with the privilege to trade in copper also had the right to search and confiscate illegal copper. From time to time the trade routes were even watched by soldiers, and specist officials were appointed with orders to intervene against illicit trade. The state also encouraged informers to report offenders. Special inquisitions were held with miners and merchants who had violated the trade regulations. Those who were found guilty ran the risk of high fines, imprisonment and even the loss of possible shares in the mines (Kristiansson, 1992). According to Kristiansson (1992), illicit copper trade came about not only because of the different feen applicable to this trade but also because of the monopoly and the price regulations, which encouraged the growth of illegal markets. The charcoal trade was also regulated so that charcoal could be legally traded only within a certain district, with specified buyers and according to fixed prices. Illicit charcoal trade was regarded as a serious problem in Sweden during the eighteenth century, especially by the Mines
problem in Sweden during the eighteenth century, especially by the Mines Authority (Bergskolkgium). Between 1721 and 1770 no less than 34 different ordinances mentioned illicit charcoal trade as a problem. A particular problem was that iron works were suspected of buying charcoal meant for the copper and silver works. However, it was difficult to discover and prosecute illicit charcoal trade as the mining authorities had few assets of their own to control the charcoal trade. Instead they had to rely on officials within other parts of the administration to exerci. control (Karlsson, 1990, pp. 68-71).

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Quan điểm lịch sử 137 Illegal trade has also been observed in connection with mining and with the copper and iron industries. Those branches were also thoroughly regulated until the nineteenth century, and trade with copper, iron and charcoal was restricted in many ways. At times the copper trade was completely monopolized. However, it is well known that quite a lot of illicit trade occurred in the mining districts during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuri.. The trade monopolies and the compulsory weighing of copper (which also meant that certain dutieo had to be paid) were avoided. The exact site of this illicit trade is unknown but several measures were taken to put an end to it. Merchants with the privilege to trade in copper also had the right to search and confiscate illegal copper. From time to time the trade routes were even watched by soldiers, and specist officials were appointed with orders to intervene against illicit trade. The state also encouraged informers to report offenders. Special inquisitions were held with miners and merchants who had violated the trade regulations. Those who were found guilty ran the risk of high fines, imprisonment and even the loss of possible shares in the mines (Kristiansson, 1992). According to Kristiansson (1992), illicit copper trade came about not only because of the different feen applicable to this trade but also because of the monopoly and the price regulations, which encouraged the growth of illegal markets. The charcoal trade was also regulated so that charcoal could be legally traded only within a certain district, with specified buyers and according to fixed prices. Illicit charcoal trade was regarded as a serious problem in Sweden during the eighteenth century, especially by the Mines vấn đề ở Thụy Điển trong thế kỷ 18, đặc biệt là của các cơ quan mỏ (Bergskolkgium). Giữa 1721 và 1770 không ít hơn 34 Pháp lệnh khác nhau đề cập đến buôn than là một vấn đề. Một vấn đề cụ thể đã là rằng tác phẩm sắt đã bị nghi ngờ mua than có nghĩa là cho các công trình đồng và bạc. Tuy nhiên, nó đã được khó khăn để phát hiện và truy tố buôn than như chính quyền khai thác khoáng sản đã có vài tài sản thương mại của riêng mình để kiểm soát than. Thay vào đó, họ đã phải dựa vào các quan chức bên trong các bộ phận khác của chính quyền để t. kiểm soát (Karlsson, 1990, tr. 68-71).