The "bus" concept decouples applications from each other. This is usually acheived using a messaging server like JMS or AMQP. The data that travels on the bus is a canonical format and is almost always XML. There is an "adapter" between the application and the bus that marshals data between the two parties. The adapter is responsible for talking to the backend application and transforming data from the application format to the bus format. The adapter can also perform a host of other activities such as message routing transaction management, security, monitoring, error handling, etc. ESBs are generally stateless; the state is embedded in the messages passing through the bus. The canonical message format is the contract between systems. The canonical format means that there is one consistent message format traveling on the bus and that every application on the bus can communicate with each other - See more at: https://www.mulesoft.com/resources/esb/what-esb#sthash.2yRw4sJS.dpuf
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