Megafires California Hạn hán, mở rộng nhà ở, và cung cấp quá mức của tiêm của quẹt máy làm cho đám cháy lớn hơn, nóng hơn ở miền Tây Hoa Kỳ Cháy rừng đang trở thành một mối đe dọa ngày càng tăng ở miền Tây Hoa Kỳ, với miền Nam California là khu vực hit khó khăn nhất. Đó là một lý do cháy đội chiến đấu thường xuyên hơn blazes tại miền Nam California đang gặp khó khăn như vậy, có ngọn lửa, mặc dù các chuẩn bị tốt hơn hơn bao giờ hết và thập kỷ kinh nghiệm chiến đấu cháy bắt bởi các ' gió Santa Ana,. Cháy chính mình, các chuyên gia nói, đang thường nóng hơn, nhanh hơn, và lây lan thêm erratically hơn trong quá khứ. Megafires, còn được gọi là 'bao vây cháy', đang ngày càng thường xuyên blazes bỏng 500, 000 dặm Anh hay nhiều hơn nữa - 10 lần kích thước của khu rừng Trung bình chữa cháy của 20 năm trước đây. Cháy rừng tại một số là một trong những lớn nhất bao giờ California về diện tích bị đốt cháy, theo số liệu nhà nước và báo cáo tin tức. Một lời giải thích cho xu hướng để thêm superhot cháy là các khu vực này, thường có mùa hè khô, đã có một cách đáng kể dưới mưa bình thường trong nhiều năm gần đây. Một lý do khác, chuyên gia nói rằng, có liên quan đến chính sách kéo dài một thế kỷ của chúng ta rừng dịch vụ để ngăn chặn cháy rừng càng nhanh càng tốt. Những hậu quả không chủ ý đã là dừng lại xoá underbrush, bây giờ là nhiên liệu chính cho megafires, tự nhiên. Three other factors contribute to the trend, they add. First is climate change, marked by a 1- degree Fahrenheit rise in average yearly temperature across the western states. Second is fire seasons that on average are 78 days longer than they were 20 years ago. Third is increased construction of homes in wooded areas. ‘We are increasingly building our homes in fire-prone ecosystems,’ says Dominik Kulakowski, adjunct professor of biology at Clark University Graduate School of Geography in Worcester,Massachusetts. ‘Doing that in many of the forests of the western US is like building homes on the side of an active volcano.’In California, where population growth has averaged more than 600, 000 a year for at least a decade, more residential housing is being built. ‘What once was open space is now residential homes providing fuel to make fires burn with greater intensity/ says Terry McHale of the California Department of Forestry firefighters’ union. ‘With so much dryness, so many communities to catch fire, so many fronts to fight, it becomes an almost incredible job.’ That said, many experts give California high marks for making progress on preparedness in recent years, after some of the largest fires in state history scorched thousands of acres, burned thousands of homes, and killed numerous people. Stung in the past by criticism of bungling that allowed fires to spread when they might have been contained, personnel are meeting the peculiar challenges of neighborhood - and canyon- hopping fires better than previously, observers say. State promises to provide more up-to-date engines, planes, and helicopters to fight fires have been fulfilled. Firefighters’ unions that in the past complained of dilapidated equipment, old fire engines, and insufficient blueprints for fire safety are now praising the state’s commitment, noting that funding for firefighting has increased, despite huge cuts in many other programs. ‘We are pleased that the current state administration has been very proactive in its support of us, and [has] come through with budgetary support of the infrastructure needs we have long sought, * says Mr. McHale of the firefighters’ union. Besides providing money to upgrade the fire engines that must traverse the mammoth state and wind along serpentine canyon roads, the state has invested in better command-and-control facilities as well as in the strategies to run them. ‘In the fire sieges of earlier years, we found that other jurisdictions and states were willing to offer mutual-aid help, but we were not able to communicate adequately with them,’ says Kim Zagaris, chief of the state’s Office of Emergency Services Fire and Rescue Branch. After a commission examined and revamped communications procedures, the statewide response ‘has become far more professional and responsive/ he says. There is a sense among both government officials and residents that the speed, dedication, and coordination of firefighters from several states and jurisdictions are resulting in greater efficiency than in past ‘siege fire’ situations. In recent years, the Southern California region has improved building codes, evacuation procedures, and procurement of new technology. ‘I am extraordinarily impressed by the improvements we have witnessed,’ says Randy Jacobs, a Southern California- based lawyer who has had to evacuate both his home and business to escape wildfires. ‘Notwithstanding all the damage that will continue to be caused by wildfires, we will no longer suffer the loss of life endured in the past because of the fire prevention and firefighting measures that
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