31400:27:53,160 --> 00:27:57,676The

314
00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:57,676
The Battle of the Falklands heralded
the end of Germany's cruiser campaign.

315
00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:02,469
Her global war would increasingly
have to be fought on land.

316
00:28:02,560 --> 00:28:07,759
Again, her commanders would stretch slim
resources to lead the British Empire a dance.

317
00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:29,470
The Suez Canal presented a rare opportunity
for Germany to harass the British Empire

318
00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:34,552
a crucial British sea lane
vulnerable to attack by land forces.

319
00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:40,878
But Germany couldn't spare any men
from the Western Front,

320
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:45,112
so Berlin turned to Ottoman Turkey,
her ally since November 1914.

321
00:28:56,800 --> 00:29:02,432
The Turkish 4th Army was stationed in
Palestine, just 150 miles from the Suez Canal.

322
00:29:08,720 --> 00:29:13,635
The Turks agreed to help capture Suez,
assigning these 19,000 troops.

323
00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:19,152
They saw it as the first stage in their own
re-conquest of Egypt and Libya.

324
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,111
We marched at night and only by moonlight

325
00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:33,638
My heart was filld with a deep melancholy
mingled with great hope of success

326
00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:37,474
at the sound of the song
The Red Flag Flies Over Cairo

327
00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:41,189
to the accompaniment of which
the advancing battalions forged ahead

328
00:29:41,280 --> 00:29:43,236
over the endlss waste of desert

329
00:29:43,320 --> 00:29:47,677
feebly illuminated by the pale gleam
of the waxing moon

330
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:54,552
The Turks had to transport howitzers,
floating pontoons,

331
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:58,633
food and water across the Sinai Desert
and didn't lose a single man.

332
00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:08,515
In the early hours of 3 February 1915,
they reached the Suez Canal.

333
00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:14,190
The German colonel who had planned
the operation now watched it go horribly wrong.

334
00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:18,792
A sentry noticed our attack and fired

335
00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:21,678
The shots created panic

336
00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:24,399
The English then blasted the banks
with machine-gun fire

337
00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:26,436
(Machine-gun fire)

338
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:37,477
The Turks found the Canal defended
by nine British warships

339
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:41,599
and 30,000 Indian troops,
dug in to defensive positions.

340
00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:45,913
The Ottoman troops suffered 1,200 casualties.

341
00:30:47,080 --> 00:30:49,355
The survivors retreated across the desert.

342
00:30:53,880 --> 00:30:59,477
The attack had failed, but Africa was now
a battleground in Germany's global war.

343
00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:04,032
She had three bases of operations:

344
00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:07,908
the Cameroons, German East Africa,
where Lettow was still at large,

345
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:11,629
and German South West Africa,
with its ports and wireless stations.

346
00:31:13,360 --> 00:31:17,239
Luckily for Britain ,
she had a colony right next door.

347
00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:20,710
Unluckily, it was the one whose loyalty
she could least rely on.

348
00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:28,397
The Union of South Africa was racially diverse:

349
00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:32,149
Blacks, Boers and British settlers.

350
00:31:34,200 --> 00:31:38,990
Just 15 years before, Britain had fought a long,
bloody war against the Boers.

351
00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:45,119
Many still had little love for Britain.
Their loyalty could not be counted on.

352
00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:49,193
As one commander told South Africa's
prime minister, Louis Botha:

353
00:31:49,280 --> 00:31:53,831
My men are ready Whom do we fight
the English or the Germans?

354
00:31:56,800 --> 00:32:01,396
But South Africa was ideally situated to launch
an attack on German South West Africa.

355
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:06,756
British Colonial Secretary Lewis Harcourt
took the gamble.

356
00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:15,555
If your ministers desire and feel themselves able
to seize such part of German South West Africa

357
00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,518
as will give them the command
of the wirelss stations there

358
00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:22,832
we should feel this was a great and urgent
Imperial service

359
00:32:24,760 --> 00:32:27,354
South Africa's government readily agreed,

360
00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:30,876
because it had mini-imperial ambitions
of its own.

361
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:33,918
It wanted to seize German South West for itself.

362
00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:42,112
On 14 September 1914,

363
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:45,317
South African forces crossed the Orange River
into German South West.

364
00:32:50,360 --> 00:32:52,510
But the Germans were one jump ahead,

365
00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:57,276
as the South Africans found out when they
paused at the watering hole of Sandfontein.

366
00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:07,312
(Machine-gun fire)

367
00:33:09,360 --> 00:33:10,759
(Artillery fire)

368
00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,429
The South Africans were beaten.

369
00:33:23,520 --> 00:33:25,431
But there was worse to come

370
00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:41,032
Part of South Africa now rose up
in armed rebellion.

371
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,476
Commanding the forces in the Northern Cape
was Manie Maritz.

372
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:48,870
Fearless and uncompromising,

373
00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:52,509
Maritz had fought a vicious guerrilla campaign
against Britain in the Boer War.

374
00:33:55,640 --> 00:33:58,916
His sympathies lay entirely with Germany.

375
00:33:59,920 --> 00:34:03,469
I received a telegram ordering me
to take a large commando

376
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:05,710
into German South West Africa

377
00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:09,509
I was determined not to fight
on behalf of the Britih Empire

378
00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:12,637
and my officers and troops were
in full accord with me

379
00:34:13,720 --> 00:34:19,670
In October 1914, Manie Maritz crossed the
Orange River to German territory at Schuit Drift

380
00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:21,876
to enlist German support.

381
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:42,315
Two days later, Maritz addressed his troops
under this tree.

382
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:49,950
Now men we don't want to be ruled
by the Jews and the financiers of England

383
00:34:51,880 --> 00:34:55,156
General Beyers General De Wet
and myself have decided

384
00:34:55,240 --> 00:34:57,674
to form an independent South African Republic

385
00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:02,595
and have entered into an agreement with
the Governor of German South West Africa

386
00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:07,279
They will provide us
with arms and ammunition guns

387
00:35:09,240 --> 00:35:14,553
On this step depends the freedom
of the masses of the country

388
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:24,070
Britain's request for help had brought her
dominion to the brink of civil war.

389
00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:28,919
In London, the Colonial Secretary
Lewis Harcourt

390
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:31,912
feared the break-up of the Union of South Africa.

391
00:35:33,120 --> 00:35:38,035
He secretly ordered 30,000 Australian soldiers
diverted to the Cape to smother the rebellion.

392
00:35:39,120 --> 00:35:43,750
Safety of the Union is first
and paramount consideration

393
00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:49,392
We attach no importance
to German South West Africa in comparion

394
00:35:51,680 --> 00:35:54,114
The Australians weren't needed.

395
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:59,354
In the winter of 1914, the loyal South Africans
defeated the Boer rebels.

396
00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:04,519
This is rare film of 50 of them
being led to trial in Cape Town .

397
00:36:04,600 --> 00:36:07,034
But they never caught Manie Maritz.

398
00:36:10,320 --> 00:36:14,757
By July 1915,
South Africa cornered the Germans,

399
00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:17,229
forced their surrender and annexed their colony.

400
00:36:20,800 --> 00:36:23,792
And Britain had more work for South Africa

401
00:36:23,880 --> 00:36:27,031
north this time,
to deal once and for all with von Lettow.

402
00:36:29,840 --> 00:36:34,868
London turned to South Africa's Defence
Minister to lead the campaign, Jannie Smuts.

403
00:36:37,080 --> 00:36:41,039
Smuts too had fought in the Boer War,
but was now passionately pro-British.

404
00:36:42,600 --> 00:36:47,594
More a statesman than a soldier, Smuts made
an indifferent general of conventional forces.

405
00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:50,716
And he was up against Lettow.

406
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:57,913
British officer Richard Meinertzhagen was
now Smuts's intelligence officer.

407
00:36:59,880 --> 00:37:03,316
Smuts is quite determined
to avoid a stand-up fight

408
00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:05,960
He told me he could not afford
to go back to South Africa

409
00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:08,873
with the nickname Butcher Smuts

410
00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:13,511
If von Lettow is clever and Smuts not clever
enough there is going to be trouble

411
00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:18,356
Lettow was clever

412
00:37:19,440 --> 00:37:22,591
Here at his headquarters
at Moshi railway station,

413
00:37:22,680 --> 00:37:26,389
he thought through the idea
of depriving Britain of manpower in Europe,

414
00:37:26,480 --> 00:37:29,040
by opening up the war in Africa.

415
00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:33,716
The question was could we
with our small forces

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

31400:27:53, 160--> 00:27:57, 676Trận Falklands báo trướcphía Đức của tàu tuần dương chiến dịch.31500:27:58, 840--> 00:28:02, 469Chiến tranh toàn cầu của cô sẽ ngày càngphải được diễn ra trên đất.31600:28:02, 560--> 00:28:07, 759Một lần nữa, khi nữ hoàng chỉ nào căng mỏngnguồn lực để dẫn đế quốc Anh một điệu nhảy.31700:28:24, 760--> 00:28:29, 470Kênh đào Suez trình bày một cơ hội hiếm cócho Đức để quấy rối đế quốc Anh31800:28:30, 400--> 00:28:34, 552một làn đường biển Anh rất quan trọngdễ bị tấn công bởi lực lượng trên bộ.31900:28:37, 920--> 00:28:40, 878Nhưng Đức không thể tha cho bất kỳ người đàn ôngtừ phía tây,32000:28:40, 960--> 00:28:45, 112do đó, Béc-lin quay sang Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ Ottoman,đồng minh của mình kể từ tháng 11 năm 1914.32100:28:56, 800--> 00:29:02, 432Tập đoàn quân 4 Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ đóng quân ởPalestine, chỉ 150 dặm từ kênh đào Suez.32200:29:08, 720--> 00:29:13, 635Người Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ đã đồng ý giúp nắm bắt Suez,cho những binh lính 19.000.32300:29:14, 840--> 00:29:19, 152Họ coi nó là giai đoạn đầu tiên ở riêng của họRe-cuộc chinh phục của Ai Cập và Libya.32400:29:24, 960--> 00:29:28, 111Chúng tôi hành quân vào ban đêm và chỉ bởi moonlight32500:29:28, 200--> 00:29:33, 638Trái tim của tôi là filld với một sâu melancholytrộn lẫn với niềm hy vọng lớn của sự thành công32600:29:33, 720--> 00:29:37, 474tại những âm thanh của bài hátBay lá cờ đỏ trên Cairo32700:29:37, 560--> 00:29:41, 189để đi kèm trong đótiểu đoàn tiến giả mạo trước32800:29:41,280 --> 00:29:43,236over the endlss waste of desert32900:29:43,320 --> 00:29:47,677feebly illuminated by the pale gleamof the waxing moon33000:29:51,640 --> 00:29:54,552The Turks had to transport howitzers,floating pontoons,33100:29:54,640 --> 00:29:58,633food and water across the Sinai Desertand didn't lose a single man.33200:30:02,280 --> 00:30:08,515In the early hours of 3 February 1915,they reached the Suez Canal.33300:30:09,560 --> 00:30:14,190The German colonel who had plannedthe operation now watched it go horribly wrong.33400:30:15,800 --> 00:30:18,792A sentry noticed our attack and fired33500:30:18,880 --> 00:30:21,678The shots created panic33600:30:21,760 --> 00:30:24,399The English then blasted the bankswith machine-gun fire33700:30:24,480 --> 00:30:26,436(Machine-gun fire)33800:30:34,280 --> 00:30:37,477The Turks found the Canal defendedby nine British warships33900:30:37,560 --> 00:30:41,599and 30,000 Indian troops,dug in to defensive positions.34000:30:43,160 --> 00:30:45,913The Ottoman troops suffered 1,200 casualties.34100:30:47,080 --> 00:30:49,355The survivors retreated across the desert.34200:30:53,880 --> 00:30:59,477The attack had failed, but Africa was nowa battleground in Germany's global war.34300:31:01,040 --> 00:31:04,032She had three bases of operations:34400:31:04,120 --> 00:31:07,908Cameroons, Đông Phi thuộc Đức,nơi Lettow là vẫn còn lúc lớn,34500:31:08, 000--> 00:31:11, 629và Đức Tây Nam Phi,với cổng và trạm không dây.34600:31:13, 360--> 00:31:17, 239May mắn cho anh,cô đã có một thuộc địa ngay kế bên.34700:31:17, 320--> 00:31:20, 710Unluckily, nó là người có lòng trung thànhcô có thể ít nhất là dựa vào.34800:31:25, 200--> 00:31:28 397Các liên minh Nam Phi phân biệt chủng tộc đa dạng:34900:31:29, 760--> 00:31:32, 149Những người định cư người da đen, Boers là và Anh.35000:31:34, 200--> 00:31:38, 990Chỉ 15 năm trước đây, anh đã chiến đấu một dài,cuộc chiến đẫm máu chống lại các Boers là.15s00:31:39, 840--> 00:31:45, 119Nhiều người vẫn có chút tình yêu cho anh.Lòng trung thành của họ có thể không được tính.35200:31:45, 200--> 00:31:49, 193Như một chỉ huy đã nói với Nam PhiThủ tướng, Louis Botha:35300:31:49, 280--> 00:31:53, 831Người của tôi đã sẵn sàng mà chúng ta chiến đấutiếng Anh hoặc Đức?35400:31:56, 800--> 00:32:01, 396Nhưng Nam Phi lý tưởng nằm để khởi độngmột cuộc tấn công vào Đức Tây Nam Phi.35500:32:03, 320--> 00:32:06, 756Anh bộ trưởng thuộc địa Lewis HarcourtLấy gamble.35600:32:09, 400--> 00:32:15, 555Nếu bộ trưởng của bạn mong muốn và cảm thấy mình có thểđể nắm bắt phần của Đức Tây Nam Phi35700:32:15, 640--> 00:32:18, 518như sẽ cung cấp cho họ quyền chỉ huytrạm wirelss có35800:32:18, 600--> 00:32:22, 832we should feel this was a great and urgentImperial service35900:32:24,760 --> 00:32:27,354South Africa's government readily agreed,36000:32:27,440 --> 00:32:30,876because it had mini-imperial ambitionsof its own.36100:32:30,960 --> 00:32:33,918It wanted to seize German South West for itself.36200:32:39,200 --> 00:32:42,112On 14 September 1914,36300:32:42,200 --> 00:32:45,317South African forces crossed the Orange Riverinto German South West.36400:32:50,360 --> 00:32:52,510But the Germans were one jump ahead,36500:32:52,600 --> 00:32:57,276as the South Africans found out when theypaused at the watering hole of Sandfontein.36600:33:05,720 --> 00:33:07,312(Machine-gun fire)36700:33:09,360 --> 00:33:10,759(Artillery fire)36800:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,429The South Africans were beaten.36900:33:23,520 --> 00:33:25,431But there was worse to come37000:33:37,960 --> 00:33:41,032Part of South Africa now rose upin armed rebellion.37100:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,476Commanding the forces in the Northern Capewas Manie Maritz.37200:33:46,640 --> 00:33:48,870Fearless and uncompromising,37300:33:48,960 --> 00:33:52,509Maritz had fought a vicious guerrilla campaignagainst Britain in the Boer War.37400:33:55,640 --> 00:33:58,916His sympathies lay entirely with Germany.37500:33:59,920 --> 00:34:03,469I received a telegram ordering meto take a large commando37600:34:03,560 --> 00:34:05,710into German South West Africa37700:34:05,800 --> 00:34:09,509I was determined not to fighton behalf of the Britih Empire37800:34:09,600 --> 00:34:12,637and my officers and troops werein full accord with me37900:34:13,720 --> 00:34:19,670In October 1914, Manie Maritz crossed theOrange River to German territory at Schuit Drift38000:34:19,760 --> 00:34:21,876to enlist German support.38100:34:38,800 --> 00:34:42,315Two days later, Maritz addressed his troopsunder this tree.38200:34:44,000 --> 00:34:49,950Now men we don't want to be ruledby the Jews and the financiers of England38300:34:51,880 --> 00:34:55,156General Beyers General De Wetand myself have decided38400:34:55,240 --> 00:34:57,674to form an independent South African Republic38500:34:57,760 --> 00:35:02,595and have entered into an agreement withthe Governor of German South West Africa38600:35:03,400 --> 00:35:07,279They will provide uswith arms and ammunition guns38700:35:09,240 --> 00:35:14,553On this step depends the freedomof the masses of the country38800:35:19,360 --> 00:35:24,070Britain's request for help had brought herdominion to the brink of civil war.38900:35:26,200 --> 00:35:28,919In London, the Colonial SecretaryLewis Harcourt39000:35:29,000 --> 00:35:31,912feared the break-up of the Union of South Africa.39100:35:33,120 --> 00:35:38,035He secretly ordered 30,000 Australian soldiersdiverted to the Cape to smother the rebellion.39200:35:39,120 --> 00:35:43,750Safety of the Union is firstand paramount consideration39300:35:43,840 --> 00:35:49,392We attach no importanceto German South West Africa in comparion39400:35:51,680 --> 00:35:54,114The Australians weren't needed.39500:35:54,200 --> 00:35:59,354In the winter of 1914, the loyal South Africansdefeated the Boer rebels.39600:36:00,640 --> 00:36:04,519This is rare film of 50 of thembeing led to trial in Cape Town .39700:36:04,600 --> 00:36:07,034But they never caught Manie Maritz.39800:36:10,320 --> 00:36:14,757By July 1915,South Africa cornered the Germans,39900:36:14,840 --> 00:36:17,229forced their surrender and annexed their colony.40000:36:20,800 --> 00:36:23,792And Britain had more work for South Africa40100:36:23,880 --> 00:36:27,031north this time,to deal once and for all with von Lettow.40200:36:29,840 --> 00:36:34,868London turned to South Africa's DefenceMinister to lead the campaign, Jannie Smuts.40300:36:37,080 --> 00:36:41,039Smuts too had fought in the Boer War,but was now passionately pro-British.40400:36:42,600 --> 00:36:47,594More a statesman than a soldier, Smuts madean indifferent general of conventional forces.40500:36:48,760 --> 00:36:50,716And he was up against Lettow.40600:36:54,000 --> 00:36:57,913British officer Richard Meinertzhagen wasnow Smuts's intelligence officer.40700:36:59,880 --> 00:37:03,316Smuts is quite determinedto avoid a stand-up fight40800:37:03,400 --> 00:37:05,960He told me he could not affordto go back to South Africa40900:37:06,040 --> 00:37:08,873with the nickname Butcher Smuts41000:37:08,960 --> 00:37:13,511If von Lettow is clever and Smuts not cleverenough there is going to be trouble41100:37:16,400 --> 00:37:18,356Lettow was clever41200:37:19,440 --> 00:37:22,591Here at his headquartersat Moshi railway station,41300:37:22,680 --> 00:37:26,389he thought through the ideaof depriving Britain of manpower in Europe,41400:37:26,480 --> 00:37:29,040by opening up the war in Africa.41500:37:29,120 --> 00:37:33,716The question was could wewith our small forces