According to Ellis (1994:696), communicative competence is "the knowledge that users of a language have internalized to enable them to understand and produce messages in the language". Noam Chomsky (1965) proposed the notion of competence and performance. In view of Chomsky,competence is purely the knowledge of the rules of grammar whereas performance is the knowledgeof the rules of use and further stated that without the production of complete description ofcompetence, performance should not be studied.Hymes (1972) referred the widened idea of communicative competence that grammatical knowledgeis not enough for communication rather knowledge of language use is essential as well as grammatical knowledge because to interact to others a child must have the ability “to accomplish a repertoire of speech acts, to take part in speech events and to evaluate their accomplishment by others” (p. 277).Romaine (2000) explains that the term communicative competence “is intended to replace thedichotomy between competence and performance central to mainstream linguistics” (p. 30).Canale (1983) asserts that construction of communicative competence is made up of four elementssuch as grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence. Grammatical competence is knowledge of lexical items and the rules of morphology, syntax, semantic and phonology and "focuses directly on the knowledge and skill required to understand and express accurately the literal meaning of utterances" (p. 7). Discourse competence is the ability to connect the sentences to make them meaningful. The other two components are related to functional aspects of communication.Socio cultural competence is the ability which gives the sense of social context in which learners use language. The fourth component of communicative competence is strategic competence which enables the participants to overcome the breakdown in communication due to insufficientcompetence. As Canale explains the need of such strategies, “to compensate for breakdowns incommunication due to limiting conditions in actual communication or to insufficient competence in one or more of the other areas of communicative competence, and to enhance the effectiveness of communication”(p. 10).Romaine (2000) defines communicative competence as being “a speaker’s underlying knowledge ofthe rules of grammar (understood in the widest sense to include phonology, grammar, lexicon, andsemantics) and rules for their use in socially appropriate circumstances” (p. 25).
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