Parameter testing was conducted in order to determine the interval at which the beacons can be broadcast by the network server, as well as the maximum distance at which the end device and the gateway can still communicate. In this experiment, only LoRa transmissions aretested.<br><br>The connection between the gateway and the network server,along with the processing of the end devices that are inside the range of the gateway are disabled. The Round Trip Time (RTT), which is the time elapsed between the sending of a beacon and the reception of a data packet, and the Packet Reception Ratio (PRR), which is defined as the ratio between the number of data packets received by the gateway and the number of data packets sent by the end device, is measured. <br><br>The end device is stationary, and generates data every 2 s.<br><br>The gateway moves away from the end device in a straight line, and stops every 100 m to broadcast 100 beacons at 10-second intervals, and is done until 1 km is reached. <br><br>Fig. 8 shows the locations at which the measurements took place. <br><br>The RTT and the PRR are plotted against the distance traveled by the gateway.
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