Cell-specific reference signals shall be transmitted in all downlink subframes in a cell supporting PDSCH transmission. Cell-specific reference signals are transmitted on one or several of antenna ports 0 to 3. Cell-specific reference signals are defined for f 15 kHz only.The number of Resource Elements (REs) within each Resource Element Group (REG) and the number of REGs within an OFDM symbol is affected by the number of cell-specific reference signals present on all antenna ports. The number and location of cell specific reference signals are dependent on the number of antenna ports and the type of cyclic prefix used. Each antenna port has a unique cell specific reference signal associated with it. As the REG arrangement is affected by cell specific reference signals, the REG arrangement for a one or two antenna port configuration or four antenna port configuration is different. The REG arrangement for each resource block within a subframe and for every antenna port is identical.To facilitate the estimation of the channel characteristics LTE uses cell specific reference signals (pilot symbols) inserted in both time and frequency. These pilot symbols provide an estimate of the channel at given locations within a subframe. Through interpolation it is possible to estimate the channel across an arbitrary number of subframes.Cell-specific RS is transmitted in each physical antenna port. It is used for both demodulation and measurement purpose. Its pattern design ensures channel estimation accuracy.Cell-specific reference signals are used for…– cell search and initial acquisition,– downlink channel estimation for coherent demodulation/detection at the UE,– downlink channel quality measurements.
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