The service-product bundleThe outcome of service delivery is a tangible product, and a “bundle” of goods andservices as the product offering (Sasser et al., 1978). The service-product bundle refers to the inseparable offering of many goods and services including what Liverpool John Moores University has to offer its students. This bundle consists of three elements:(1) the physical or facilitating goods;(2) the sensual service provided – the explicit service; and(3) the psychological service – the implicit service.For a university the facilitating goods include the lectures and tutorials, presentationslides, supplementary handout documents/materials and the recommended module text. It also includes the physical facilities such as the lecture theatres and tutorial rooms and their level of furnishing, decoration, lighting and layout as well as ancillaryservices such as catering and recreational amenities. The explicit service includes the knowledge levels of staff, staff teaching ability, the consistency of teaching quality irrespective of personnel, ease of making appointments with staff, the level of difficulty of the subject content and the workload. The implicit service includes the treatment of students by staff, including friendliness and approachability, concern shown if the student has a problem, respect for feelings and opinions, availability of staff, capability and competence of staff. It also includes the ability of the university’s environment to make the student feel comfortable, the sense of competence, confidence and professionalism conveyed by the ambience in lectures and tutorials, feeling that the student’s best interest is being served and a feeling that rewards are consistent with the effort put into courseworks/examinations. All of the above are based on students’ perceptions of the various parts of the service and the data is usually collected via some form of feedback questionnaire
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