Our eight categories of stressors (Figure 2) are construed as operational definitions of selected constructs under the headings of "factors within work" and "factors outside work" in the generic model (Figure 1). Specifically, "workload", "managerial role", "personal responsibility", and "hassles" are indicators of "factors intrinsic to job"; "relationships" is an indicator of "work relationships"; "recognition" is an indicator of "career development"; "organizational climate" is an indicator of "organizational structure and climate"; and finally, "home/work balance" is an indicator of "personal factors/family problems". The following section will present a detailed discussion on political, social, and economic characteristics in the PRC and Taiwan to derive hypotheses pertaining to the salient aspects of the work-stress process in the two societies."Control beliefs" are construed to represent "values/beliefs" under the heading of "internal resources" in the generic model, which have direct and indirect (moderating) effects on strain. A later section will discuss the role of control, especially those of Chinese primary and secondary control beliefs to derive specific hypotheses."Strain" is construed as outcome variables, including job satisfaction, mental and physical well-being corresponding to the first three constructs under the heading of "personal consequences" in the generic model. The strain effects of work stress are well established. Work stress has been found to relate to ill health and low job satisfaction for employees in the West (Cooper, 1981; Cooper and Payne, 1978; Quick et al., 1997), and in Chinese societies (Lu et al., 1997a, b, 1999b; Lu, 1999; Siu et al., 1997; Yu et al, 1998). We therefore hypothesized that work stress would be related to strain:H1. Employees who report higher work stress would report lower job satisfaction, and lower well-being.Political, economic, social differences in the PRC and TaiwanIt is a daunting practical and intellectual challenge to represent the PRC and Taiwan in their full flavor, especially because both of them have undergone dramatic changes over the twentieth century and new events still follow one another rapidly in Greater China nowadays. However, interested readers can find some up-to-date in-depth discussions on that matter (Chu, 2001; Kelley and Luo, 1999; Nehru et al., 1997; Wang, 2000; Yang and Brown, 1998). Our following discussions are selective for the purpose of the present study.Even though the PRC and Taiwan are the two largest Chinese societies in the world, there are substantial political, economic and social variations between them. Since the creation of the People's Republic in 1949, the PRC has been a state socialist society, and remains so despite its spectacularly successful economic reforms. There are several key features of the political system in the PRC. First, Since the creation of the PRC, the political dominance of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has never been challenged. As observed by the World Bank report (Nehru et al., 1997), China's economic reforms in 1978 were triggered by neither economic crises nor ideological epiphany. Indeed the swift growth achieved with political and social stability is the essence of China's success story which sets it apart from other developing countries such as members of the former Eastern Block.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..