Separation anxiety EditMain article: Separation anxiety disorderSeparation anxiety, a substrate of emotional abandonment, is recognized as a primary source of human distress and dysfunction.[3] When we experience a threat to or disconnection in a primary attachment, it triggers a fear response referred to as separation stress or separation anxiety.[4] Separation stress has been the subject of extensive research in psychological[5] and neurobiological[6] fields, and has been shown to be a universal response to separation in the animal world[7] of which human beings are a part. When laboratory rat pups are separated from their mothers for periods of time, researchers measure their distress vocalizations and stress hormones to determine varying conditions of the separation response.[8] As the rats mature, their subsequent reactive behaviors and stress hormones are reexamined and are shown to bear a striking resemblance to the depression, anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and self defeated posturing displayed by human beings known to have suffered earlier separation traumas.[9]Owing to the neocortical component of human functioning, when human beings lose a primary relationship, they grasp its potential repercussions (i.e. they may feel uncertain about the future or fear being unable to climb out of an abyss), thus encumbering an additional layer of separation stress.[10] To abandon is "to withdraw one's support or help from, especially in spite of duty, allegiance, or responsibility; desert: abandon a friend in trouble."[11] When the loss is due to the object’s voluntary withdrawal, a common response is to feel unworthy of love. This indicates the tendency for people to blame the rejection on themselves. "Am I unworthy of love, destined to grow old and die all alone, bereft of human connection or caring?" Questioning one’s desirability as a mate[12] and fearing eternal isolation are among the additional anxieties incurred in abandonment scenarios.[13] The concurrence of self devaluation and primal fear distinguish abandonment grief from most other types of bereavement. [14]
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