The first proposal that describes Passive Keyless Entry Systems (PKES) appeared in [46]. In that work, the authors proposed a system that automatically unlocks the vehicle when the user carrying the key approaches the vehicle and locks the vehicle when the user moves away from the vehicle. The system is referred to as ’Passive’ as it does not require any action from the user. The communication between the key and car is characterized by a magnetically coupled radio frequency signal. In this system, the car concludes that the key is in the close proximity when it is ’inthe car’s communication range’.
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