At the opening of the century , with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs; by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been design in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charles New bold of New jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers however, would have none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, many people devoted their, attention to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow
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