NBordetella bronchiseptica has been

N
Bordetella bronchiseptica has been recognized
as a respiratory tract pathogen of mammals
since 1910 (43). However, until the last
decade most work with the genus Bordetella
was with Bordetella pertussis, the causal agent
of human pertussis (whooping cough). Although
some research concerning the toxic, antigenic,
and serological characteristics of B. bronchiseptica
was reported by workers doing comparative
studies of B. bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussis,
and B. pertussis, little work was conducted
on the etiological range and pathological
nature of B. bronchiseptica in various animals
until the last decade (34, 36, 40).
Increased interest in B. bronchiseptica has
developed due to worldwide concern over respiratory
diseases in confinement-reared swine,
dogs, and laboratory animals. Since animal and
economic losses from endemic respiratory diseases
in these animals continue to increase, research
teams, particularly in the economically
advanced countries, have concentrated on determining
the etiology and possible control of such
respiratory diseases. Although diagnostic evaluations
of infected animals repeatedly pointed to
B. bronchiseptica as a primary etiological agent,
early researchers had difficulty replicating similar
laboratory-induced swine atrophic rhinitis,
pneumonia, and canine infectious tracheobronchitis
with pure cultures of B. bronchiseptica
(123, 126). The lack of good laboratory models
caused early investigators to conclude that B.
bronchiseptica was only a secondary invader (3,
73, 87). Once Switzer (150) demonstrated laboratory-induced
swine atrophic rhinitis (a respiratory
infection causing atrophy of the nasal
turbinates) with a pure culture of B. bronchiseptica,
the primary role of B. bronchiseptica in
swine became known. During the next decade
the work of Switzer was verified by other researchers
around the world (18, 24, 89, 106, 122,
122a, 142, 144, 160). In 1973 workers in Scotland
demonstrated that B. bronchiseptica alone
could cause acute infectious canine tracheobronchitis
(kennel cough) (157, 166). Unlike infections
in swine and dogs, the involvement of B.
bronchiseptica as a primary pathogen of respiratory
infections in laboratory animals was accepted
much earlier (46, 47, 52, 59).
There was also a recent increase in interest in
B. bronchiseptica by B. pertussis workers after
Kloos et al. (92) revealed that B. pertussis, B.
parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica have sufficient
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology
and similar enough bacteriological properties to
be considered members of the same species. It is
now believed that information concerning B.
bronchiseptica may have a direct relationship
to the understanding of B. pertussis (92). Furthermore,
B. bronchiseptica now serves as a
model for the study of both environmental effects
on respiratory disease and plasmid biology.
As no complete survey concerning B. bronchiseptica
has been published, this review attempts
to (i) summarize the bacteriological and pathological
properties of B. ronchiseptica, (ii) survey
the etiological role and immunological properties
of this organism as related to mammalian
722
BIOLOGY OF B. BRONCHISEPTICA 723
respiratory disease, and (iii) discuss the economic
impact of this respiratory pathogen on
humans.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

NBordetella bronchiseptica đã được công nhậnnhư là một mầm bệnh đường hô hấp của động vật có vúkể từ năm 1910 (43). Tuy nhiên, cho đến khi cuối cùngthập kỷ đặt làm việc với chi Bordetellavới Bordetella pertussis, các đại lý quan hệ nhân quảcủa ho gà con người (ho). Mặc dùmột số nghiên cứu liên quan đến độc hại, kháng nguyên,và các đặc tính serological của B. bronchisepticađã được báo cáo bởi các công nhân làm so sánhCác nghiên cứu của B. bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussis,và B. ho gà, công việc ít được thực hiệntrên phạm vi thần và bệnh lýbản chất của bronchiseptica sinh ở động vật khác nhaucho đến thập kỷ cuối (34, 36, 40).Tăng lãi suất trong B. bronchiseptica cóphát triển do mối quan tâm trên toàn thế giới qua đường hô hấpbệnh trong giam nuôi lợn,con chó, và phòng thí nghiệm động vật. Từ động vật vàcác thiệt hại kinh tế từ loài đặc hữu của bệnh đường hô hấptrong các loài động vật tiếp tục tăng, nghiên cứuđội, đặc biệt là trong các kinh tếnâng cao quốc gia, đã tập trung vào việc xác địnhnguyên nhân và có thể kiểm soát như vậybệnh đường hô hấp. Mặc dù chẩn đoán đánh giábị nhiễm bệnh vật liên tục chỉ tớiB. bronchiseptica như một tác nhân thần chính,Các nhà nghiên cứu đầu gặp khó khăn khi sao chép tương tựPhòng thí nghiệm gây ra lợn teo viêm mũi,viêm phổi, và chó truyền nhiễm tracheobronchitisvới nền văn hóa tinh khiết của B. bronchiseptica(123, 126). Thiếu phòng thí nghiệm tốt mô hìnhgây ra đầu các nhà điều tra để kết luận rằng sinhbronchiseptica was only a secondary invader (3,73, 87). Once Switzer (150) demonstrated laboratory-inducedswine atrophic rhinitis (a respiratoryinfection causing atrophy of the nasalturbinates) with a pure culture of B. bronchiseptica,the primary role of B. bronchiseptica inswine became known. During the next decadethe work of Switzer was verified by other researchersaround the world (18, 24, 89, 106, 122,122a, 142, 144, 160). In 1973 workers in Scotlanddemonstrated that B. bronchiseptica alonecould cause acute infectious canine tracheobronchitis(kennel cough) (157, 166). Unlike infectionsin swine and dogs, the involvement of B.bronchiseptica as a primary pathogen of respiratoryinfections in laboratory animals was acceptedmuch earlier (46, 47, 52, 59).There was also a recent increase in interest inB. bronchiseptica by B. pertussis workers afterKloos et al. (92) revealed that B. pertussis, B.parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica have sufficientdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homologyand similar enough bacteriological properties tobe considered members of the same species. It isnow believed that information concerning B.bronchiseptica may have a direct relationshipto the understanding of B. pertussis (92). Furthermore,B. bronchiseptica now serves as amodel for the study of both environmental effectson respiratory disease and plasmid biology.As no complete survey concerning B. bronchisepticahas been published, this review attemptsto (i) summarize the bacteriological and pathologicalproperties of B. ronchiseptica, (ii) surveythe etiological role and immunological propertiesof this organism as related to mammalian722BIOLOGY OF B. BRONCHISEPTICA 723respiratory disease, and (iii) discuss the economicimpact of this respiratory pathogen onhumans.