Phương phápNghiên cứu thiết kếThe research setting chosen for the examination of our hypotheses was architecture firms in the Western USA. We feel that architectural design is an appropriate sampling frame for testing the relationship between firm EO, innovative capacity, and performance in the creative industries for several reasons. First, architecture has been explicitly included in numerous definitions of the creative industries (DCMS, 1998, 2001; Florida, 2002; Throsby, 2001; Cunningham, 2002). Galloway and Dunlop (2007) specifically employ architecture to describe the unique characteristics of creative industry products and services, noting that architecture illustrates the difficult to ascertain proportion of cultural and functional value inherent to creative industry offerings (e.g. an especially beautiful – or ugly – building is likely to effect all those who pass by, not just its users, owners, or purchasers). Second, architectural design represents a creative, knowledge-based environment (Gilson and Shalley, 2004) where work typically requires innovation and creativity (Caves, 2002). Third, offerings in the creative industries as reflected in architectural design are highly subjective. Their ultimate value depends on the symbolic meaning derived by the consumer (O’Connor, 1998; Bilton and Leary, 2004). Fourth, architectural design organizations operate in highly entrepreneurial environments where firms face high degrees of uncertainty and risk (i.e. there is ambiguity about how potential clients will value a firm’s projects), and acute constraints on organizational resources and time (Caves, 2002). Fifth, the architecture firms in our sample are profit-driven and must develop products and services that are valued by consumers (DCMS, 2008; Caves, 2002).
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