Step 1: Set Goal: Choose and clearlydefine a manageable goal. What makes a goal manageable? Goal behavior is appropriate for the individual's age and currentlevel of functioning It should be a small step up from individual’s current level offunctioning Have some way of measuring the behavior that will allow you tochart progress. Step 2: Teach: Explain what behaviorlooks like and why behavior is important. Combine leader explanation with participation for groupmembers Can anyone tell me….? Break down the component parts of the targeted social skills Ex. Conversation What makes a conversation? How do you start one? How do you know when it’s finished? Discuss why social skill is important Give examples to illustrate Step 3: Model the desired behavior.Modeling can take many forms. Forexample, if you want to teach theskills of giving compliments, youcould…- Act out a role-play with fellowgroup leader where you complimenttheir new outfit- Point it out when peerscompliment each other- Provide anecdotes that illustratethe desired skillStep 4: Practice the behavior. Practicing the behavior gives the individual a chance to Try the behavior in a pressure-free situation Figure out exactly what the desired behavior looks like (andwhat will lead to reinforcement)Step 5: Prompt for the behavior. Start with fairly intrusive, explicit prompts and work yourway to less intrusive prompts.
For example, giving the individual specific instructions to
“find one thing to compliment your partner on.”
Then as the individual’s greeting behavior improved, you
might prompt with, “What should you do?” or even a gesture.
Step 6: Reinforce!
Whenever they perform the goal
behavior, reinforce it!
Reinforcement generally leads to
much stronger response patterns
than punishment.
Reinforcers should be fairly small,
immediate, and most importantly,
of value to the individual.
Make sure the individual knows
what she/he is being reinforced for.
(i.e. “I’m loving your eye contact!”)
Ideas for Reinforcers
For folks who respond to social (non-tangible)
reinforcement:
Verbal praise (“I like the way you waited for your turn!” “You did a
great job of introducing yourself just then!”)
Hug
High-five
Ideas for Reinforcers
For others who respond to more tangible rewards:
Tokens that can be “spent” on rewards later (like TV time, video
game time, desired toys, etc.)
Small piece of candy or a favorite food (e.g., skittles, animal
crackers)
Stickers
Small toys
Trading cards
Monetary incentives
Activities
Step 7: Generalize: Encourage Practice
Outside of Group.
For children:
Provide parents with targeted feedback concerning their child’s
progress
Provide parents with written instruction on how they can
practice the skills learned at home with their child.
E.g., “Practice commenting: have your child look around the room
and comment on what he/she sees. Reinforce comments liberally.”
Assign manageable and appropriate homework assignments to
the child and have the parent supervise and sign off on their
completion.
Reinforce targeted behaviors!!
Step 7: Generalize: Encourage Practice Outside of
Group. (Cont’d)
For Adolescents and Adults:
Provide “achievement” assignments that generalize to both school
and home settings
Use Monetary Incentives
Get parents onboard
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