Figure 22.3 The fundamental relay channel.In Amplify-and-Forward (AF), the relay amplifies the received signal by a certain factor, andretransmits it. In Decode-and-Forward (DF), the relay decodes the packet and then subsequentlyre-encodes and retransmits it. In Compress-and-Forward (CF), the relay creates a quantized (compressed)version of the signal it obtains from the source and forwards that to the destination; thedestination combines this compressed signal with the directly transmitted signal from the source.We assume in the following that all relaying nodes operate in a half-duplex mode, i.e., they cannottransmit and receive in the same frequency band at the same time. This is reasonable because the transmit and receive levels of wireless signals are so different that the transmitted signal would“swamp” the RX and make it impossible to detect the receive signal.2These relay processing methods can now be combined with various transmission protocols thatprescribe when what information blocks are transmitted from which nodes. We list them here inorder of increasing performance (and at the same time of increasing complexity).
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