Concurrent EngineeringThe practice of concurrent engineering (CE) implies that product design and production process development occur concurrently in an integrated fashion, using a cross functional team, rather than being performed sequentially by separate functions. CE is intended to facilitate the development team in considering all elements of the product life cycle from conception through disposal, including quality, cost, and maintenance, from the project’s outset. Bose Corporation, the manufacturer of highquality speakers and audio systems, takes the concept of concurrent engineering one step further by actually allowing the employees of its suppliers to have offices at Bose facilities and participate in its product development efforts. Such collaboration allows Bose engineers to identify design problems early in the development process and also come up with more effective design ideas.Product PlatformsA product platform is a commonly used technique for developing a variety of products using common structures or basic architectures. These platforms are the basis of a series of products that may be commercialized over a number of years. For example, the painkiller Tylenol first appeared as a regularstrength drug. After a few years, the Same medicine was produced in varying strengths for infants and children and in extra strength doses. More recently, the core drug platform was used to create a variety of other products for treatment of other illnesses that appear along with headache and body pain (e.g., colds, allergies, and flu). Designing new products that can be used as a platform offers many benefits to the company by providing economies of scale, and it also reduces the development life cycle of subsequent products. Several examples of product platforms are presented in Figure 3.13.Group technologyGroup technology is an approach in which product parts that have similarities (in shape, usage, and/or manufacturing process) are grouped together to achieve a higher level of integration between the product design and manufacturing. GT is based on the general principle that many product design and production problems are similar. By grouping parts with similar problems, a single solution to these problems can be found, thus saving time and effort. The group of similar parts is known as a part family, and the group of machines used to process an individual part family is known as a machine cell. It is not necessary for each part in a part family to be processed by every machine in the corresponding machine cell. This type of manufacturing, in which a part family is produced by a machine cell, is known as cellular manufacturing.Reverse EngineeringReverse engineering (RE) is the process of discovering the technological principles of a new product through the analysis of its structure, function, and operation. It often involves taking the new product apart and analyzing its components and functionalities in detail, usually to try to make a new device or program that does the same thing without copying anything from the original.
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