1.2 Problem StatementLateral forces, typically produced by earthquakes orwinds, are resisted by the use of a space frame system and/orshear walls. In either case, the lateral loads aretransmitted from one wall to another through the floor system,as shown in Figure 2. For seismic design, the slab orhorizontal diaphragm is one of the essential components in thestructure. This type of system is often referred to as a"box" system since each component serves the function oftransferring the lateral force.The distribution of the horizontal forces to the shearwall or space frame system depends on the properties of thediaphragm slab and the resisting system. In the case of ashear wall building, the diaphragm can be considered to be ahorizontal beam with the roof or the floor system acting asthe web of that beam. With simple, transverse lateral loads,the forces flow out to the shear walls as is shown in theforce distribution diagram given in Figure 3. In order tooptimize the performance of the floor system, the in-planestiffness of the diaphragm should exceed that of their
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