Energy from Biological sourcesA Rad

Energy from Biological sources
A Radiation from the sun is the earth’s primary source of energy. More than 99 per cent of the processes that are happening on earth are energized by the sun either directly or indirectly. As solar radiation is a permanent and renewable source of energy, why, then, do we have an “energy crisis”? The problem, of course, lies in how to utilize this energy. It is diffuse and intermittent on a daily and seasonal basis, thus collection and storage costs can be high. But we already have at our disposal a means of capturing and storing a proportion of this energy, and we have always had such a means. It is plant life — the “biomass”. The process involved is photosynthesis.
B This capture of solar energy and conversion into a stored product occurs, with only a low overall efficiency of about 0.1 per cent on a world-wide basis but because of the adaptability of plants, it takes place and can be used over most of the earth.
C We should remember two things about this energy source. First, the world’s present and precarious dependence on fossil fuels — first coal, and then oil — is only about two hundred years old. Before that, most of the energy required by human beings for heating, cooking and industrial purpose was supplied from biological sources. By this, we mean mainly wood, or its derivative, charcoal. Secondly, wood still accounts for one sixth of the world’s fuel supply. In the non-OPEC developing countries, which contain 40 per cent of the world’s population, non-commercial fuel often comprises up to 90 per cent of their total energy use. With the increasingly doubtful future of fossil fuel supplies, fuel from biological sources may have to become even more important.
D Traditional fuels of biological origin include wood, charcoal, agricultural residues such as straw and dried animal dung. With the growth in world population, there has been increasing pressure on these resources, leading to what is sometimes called the “second energy crisis”. This is more drastic far mankind than the “first”, or oil crisis. It takes the form of deforestation, with loss of green cover its hot lands, leading to desiccation and the loss of fertile land to desert.
E The threat from both energy crises can be partly met by utilizing the enormous supply of energy built up annually in green plants. The question is, how should this be done? In the past, photosynthesis has given us food, fuel wood, fibre and chemicals. It has also, ultimately, given us the fossil fuels — coal, oil and natural gas, but these are not renewable while the other products are. Recently, however, with abundant oil, the products of present-day photosynthesis are mainly evident to the developed world as food. We should re-examine and, if possible, re-employ the previous systems; but, with today’s increased population and standard of living, we cannot revert to old technology and must instead develop new means of using present-day photosynthetic systems more efficiently.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Năng lượng từ các nguồn sinh họcMột bức xạ từ mặt trời là nguồn năng lượng chính của trái đất. Nhiều hơn 99 phần trăm của các quá trình đang xảy ra trên trái đất được energized bởi ánh nắng mặt trời trực tiếp hay gián tiếp. Như bức xạ mặt trời là một nguồn thường xuyên và tái tạo năng lượng, tại sao, sau đó, chúng ta có một cuộc khủng hoảng năng lượng""? Vấn đề, tất nhiên, nằm trong làm thế nào để sử dụng năng lượng này. Nó khuếch tán và liên tục trên một cơ sở hàng ngày và theo mùa, do đó chi phí thu thập và lưu trữ có thể được cao. Nhưng chúng tôi đã có lúc xử lý của chúng tôi một phương tiện để chụp và lưu trữ một tỷ lệ năng lượng này, và chúng tôi đã luôn luôn có một phương tiện. Đó là cuộc sống thực vật-"sinh khối". Quá trình tham gia là quá trình quang hợp.B xảy ra này chụp của năng lượng mặt trời và chuyển đổi thành một sản phẩm được lưu trữ, với chỉ một thấp hiệu quả tổng thể của khoảng 0,1 phần trăm trên một cơ sở trên toàn thế giới, nhưng vì khả năng thích ứng của nhà máy, nó diễn ra và có thể được sử dụng trên phần lớn của trái đất.C We should remember two things about this energy source. First, the world’s present and precarious dependence on fossil fuels — first coal, and then oil — is only about two hundred years old. Before that, most of the energy required by human beings for heating, cooking and industrial purpose was supplied from biological sources. By this, we mean mainly wood, or its derivative, charcoal. Secondly, wood still accounts for one sixth of the world’s fuel supply. In the non-OPEC developing countries, which contain 40 per cent of the world’s population, non-commercial fuel often comprises up to 90 per cent of their total energy use. With the increasingly doubtful future of fossil fuel supplies, fuel from biological sources may have to become even more important.D Traditional fuels of biological origin include wood, charcoal, agricultural residues such as straw and dried animal dung. With the growth in world population, there has been increasing pressure on these resources, leading to what is sometimes called the “second energy crisis”. This is more drastic far mankind than the “first”, or oil crisis. It takes the form of deforestation, with loss of green cover its hot lands, leading to desiccation and the loss of fertile land to desert.E The threat from both energy crises can be partly met by utilizing the enormous supply of energy built up annually in green plants. The question is, how should this be done? In the past, photosynthesis has given us food, fuel wood, fibre and chemicals. It has also, ultimately, given us the fossil fuels — coal, oil and natural gas, but these are not renewable while the other products are. Recently, however, with abundant oil, the products of present-day photosynthesis are mainly evident to the developed world as food. We should re-examine and, if possible, re-employ the previous systems; but, with today’s increased population and standard of living, we cannot revert to old technology and must instead develop new means of using present-day photosynthetic systems more efficiently.