NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (PART II) Management approaches of Natural Resources Adaptive management The primary methodological approach adopted by catchment management authorities (CMAs) for regional natural resource management (in Australia) is adaptive management. This approach includes recognition that adaption occurs through a process of ‘Plan - Do - Review - Act’. It also defines seven key components that should be considered as a good quality of natural resource management practice: 1. Determination of scale; 2. Collection and use of knowledge; 3. Information management; 4. Monitoring and evaluation; 5. Risk management; 6. Community engagement; 7. Opportunities for collaboration. Integrated natural resource management Integrated natural resource management (INRM) is a process of managing natural resources in a systematic way, which includes multiple aspects of natural resource use (biophysical, socio-political and economic aspects), meeting production goals of producers and other direct users such as food security, profitability and risk aversion; as well as goals of the wider community like poverty alleviation, welfare of future generations and environmental conservation. It focuses on sustainability and at the same time tries to incorporate all possible stakeholders from the planning level itself, reducing possible future conflicts. The conceptual basis of INRM has evolved in recent years through the convergence of research in diverse areas, 2 Hai Hoa Nguyen/ESP/Natural Resource Management/W6_ANC5_2016_Reading 2_Part II such as sustainable land use, participatory planning, integrated watershed management and adaptive management. INRM is being used extensively and successfully in regional and community based natural management. Frameworks and modelling in natural resource management Geographic Information System (GIS): GIS is a powerful analytical tool as it is capable of overlaying datasets to identify links. E.g (exempli gratia = for example) a bush regeneration scheme can be informed by the overlay of rainfall, cleared land and erosion. In Australia, Metadata Directories such as NDAR (National Database Autism Research) provide data on Australian natural resources such as vegetation, fisheries, soils and water. These are limited by the potential for subjective input and data manipulation. Natural Resources Management Audit frameworks: The New South Wales Government in Australia has published an audit framework for natural resource management, to assist the establishment of a performance audit role in the governance of regional natural resource management. This audit framework builds from other established audit methodologies, including performance audit, environmental audit and internal audit. Audits undertaken using this framework have provided confidence to stakeholders, identified areas for improvement and described policy expectations for the general public. The Australian Government has established a framework for auditing greenhouse emissions and energy reporting, which closely follows Australian Standards for Assurance Engagements. The Australian Government is also currently preparing an audit framework for auditing water management, focusing on the implementation of the Murray Darling Basin Plan.
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