Guidelines Management of Helicobacter pylori infectiondtheMaastricht IV/ Florence Consensus ReportPeter Malfertheiner,1 Francis Megraud,2 Colm A O’Morain,3 John Atherton,4Anthony T R Axon,5 Franco Bazzoli,6 Gian Franco Gensini,8 Javier P Gisbert,9David Y Graham,10 Theodore Rokkas,11 Emad M El-Omar,7 Ernst J Kuipers,12 TheEuropean Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG) 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases,Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany2Department of Bacteriologie,INSERM U853, Universit´e Bordeaux Segalen 2, Bordeaux, France3Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Trinity College,Dublin, Ireland4School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nothingham, UK5Spire Leeds Hospital, Leeds, Uk6Internal Medicine andGastroenterology, University ofBologna, Bologna, Italy7Division of Applied Medicine, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK8University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy9Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IP and CIBEREHD Madrid, Spain10VA Medical Center Houston, Texas, USA11Department ofGastroenterology, Henry-DunantHospital, Athens, Greece12Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsCorrespondence toProfessor Peter Malfertheiner, Department ofGastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases,Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; peter.malfertheiner@med.ovgu.deFor author footnote see end of the article.Accepted 22 February 2012 ABSTRACTManagement of Helicobacter pylori infection is evolving and in this 4th edition of the Maastricht consensus report aspects related to the clinical role of H pylori were looked at again in 2010. In the 4th Maastricht/Florence Consensus Conference 44 experts from 24 countries took active part and examined key clinical aspects in three subdivided workshops: (1) Indications and contraindications for diagnosis and treatment, focusing on dyspepsia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin use, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and extraintestinal manifestations of the infection.(2) Diagnostic tests and treatment of infection.(3) Prevention of gastric cancer and other complications. The results of the individual workshops were submitted to a final consensus voting to all participants. Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best current evidence and plausibility to guide doctors involved in the management of this infection associated with various clinical conditions.Management of Helicobacter pylori infection is evolving and so is our understanding of the role of the bacterium in various clinical conditions.The European Helicobacter Study Group first took the initiative in 1996 in Maastricht to gather dedicated experts in the field and to review and discuss all relevant clinical data to arrive at recommendations for the clinical management of H pylori infection.1 The Maastricht conference has since been repeated at intervals of4e5 years.2 3 Aspects related to the clinical role of H pylori were re-examined in Florence 2010 with the Maastricht methodology. The meeting focused on indications, diagnostics and treatments of H pylori infection with additional emphasis on disease preventiondin particular, prevention of gastric cancer.In the 4th Maastricht/Florence Consensus Conference 44 experts from 24 countries took active part. Experts invited were chosen for their expertise and contribution to H pylori research and/ or guideline methodology.METHODOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF CONFERENCE PROCESSCurrent guidelines from Japan, Asia-Pacific, NorthAmerica and Europe, as well as the ‘Maastricht methodology ’ were reviewed at an introductory plenary session.Working groups examined the following three topics relating to H pylori infection:< Indications and contraindications for diagnosis and treatment, focusing on dyspepsia, non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin use, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and extraintestinal manifestations of the infection.< Diagnostic tests and treatment of infection.< Prevention of gastric cancer and other complications.Individual questions were submitted to all participants, debated and modified according to a standard template. After a thorough discussion of each statement in one of the three working groups the strength of recommendations and the strength of the supporting evidence were graded according to the slightly modified system, used in our previous report3 (table 1). In a few statements where there are only experimental studies in support of the biological plausibility but notreatment studies, we did not quote the evidence, but graded the recommendation for the statement.
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