2. Do any types of named patient and/or compassionate useprogrammes operate? If so, what are the requirements forpre-launch access?Japan has created provisions for granting access to drugs prior toapproval for patients who have exhausted alternative treatmentoptions. Certain rules define access criteria, promotion, and thecontrol of drug distribution in this context. Exceptions to thelicensing requirement include imports by doctors for use by theirown patients. Under the relevant Minister of the Ministry of Health,Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) guidelines, imports by doctors can bepermitted when:• There is an emergency that necessitates a treatment.• No alternative product is distributed in Japan.• The products are solely to be used for their own patients'diagnosis or treatment.There is a restricted approval system under Article 14 (3) of the Lawon Securing Quality, Efficacy and Safety of Pharmaceuticals,Medical Devices, Regenerative and Cellular Therapy Products,Gene Therapy Products, and Cosmetics (PMDL). The restrictedapproval system is a special procedure for importing a medicinalproduct that is urgently needed to prevent a dangerous diseasefrom reaching epidemic proportions and has received a foreignmarketing authorisation.
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