Discounting risky outflows Answer: e Diff: M . Alabama Pulp Company (APC) can control its environmental pollution using either “Project Old Tech” or “Project New Tech.” Both will do the job, but the actual costs involved with Project New Tech, which uses unproved, new state-of-the-art technology, could be much higher than the expected cost levels. The cash outflows associated with Project Old Tech, which uses standard proven technology, are less risky. (They are about as uncertain as the cash flows associated with an average project.) APC’s cost of capital for average-risk projects is normally set at 12 percent, and the company adds 3 percent for high-risk projects but subtracts 3 percent for low-risk projects. The two projects in question meet the criteria for high and average risk, but the financial manager is concerned about applying the normal rule to such cost-only projects. You must decide which project to recommend, and you should recommend the one with the lower PV of costs. What is the PV of costs of the better project? Cash Outflows Years: 0 1 2 3 4 Project New Tech 1,500 315 315 315 315 Project Old Tech 600 600 600 600 600a. -$2,521b. -$2,399c. -$2,457d. -$2,543e. -$2,422Discounting risky outflows Answer: c Diff: M . Mid-State Electric Company must clean up the water released from its generating plant. The company’s cost of capital is 10 percent for average-risk projects, and that rate is normally adjusted up or down by 2 percentage points for high- and low-risk projects. Clean-up Plan A, which is of average risk, has an initial cost of -$1,000 at Time 0, and its operating cost will be -$100 per year for its 10-year life. Plan B, which is a high-risk project, has an initial cost of -$300, and its annual operating cost over Years 1 to 10 will be -$200. What is the proper PV of costs for the better project?a. -$1,430.04b. -$1,525.88c. -$1,614.46d. -$1,642.02e. -$1,728.19 Discounting risky outflows Answer: c Diff: M . Your company must ensure the safety of its work force. Two plans are being considered for the next 10 years: (1) Install a high electrified fence around the property at a cost of $100,000. Maintenance and electricity would then cost $5,000 per year over the 10-year life of the fence. (2) Hire security guards at a cost of $25,000 paid at the end of each year. Because the company plans to build new headquarters with a “state of the art” security system in 10 years, the plan will be in effect only until that time. Your company’s cost of capital is 15 percent for average-risk projects, and that rate is normally adjusted up or down by 2 percentage points for high- and low-risk projects. Plan 1 is considered to be of low risk because its costs can be predicted quite accurately. Plan B, on the other hand, is a high-risk project because of the difficulty of predicting wage rates. What is the proper PV of costs for the better project?
a. -$104,266.20
b. -$116,465.09
c. -$123,293.02
d. -$127,131.22
e. -$135,656.09
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