features, including die clamping, quick-release stems, automatic align- ment checking, bolster shearing, telescopic billet loaders, short-stroke design, and computer software for higher production and quality. The hydraulic equipment, including pumps and valves, could be placed on the oil tank of the press or at the floor level or below floor level. It is very easy to access the floor-based system, as shown in Fig. 4.Figure 5 shows a schematic of a direct extrusion press for seamless hollow and tubes. Tubes from harder aluminum alloys are generally done from hollow short billets with the floating or fixed mandrel on the stem.
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