Acidulants Sorbic acid and citric acids are commonly used asacidulants4 and/or as preservatives. Acetic, propionic,succinic, adipic, lactic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, andphosphoric acids can serve as acidulants as well. Acidulantsare used for various purposes in modern food processing.For example, citric acid adds a fresh, acidic flavor, whereassuccinic acid gives food a more salty, bitter taste. Inaddition to rendering foods more palatable and stimulating,acidulants act as• flavoring agents to intensify certain tastes and maskundesirable aftertastes• buffering agents to control the pH during foodprocessing and of the finished products• preservatives to prevent growth of microorganisms• synergists to antioxidants to prevent rancidity andbrowning• viscosity modifiers in baked goods• melting modifiers in cheese spreads and hard candy• meat curing agents to enhance color and flavorSample preparationSample preparation depends strongly on the matrix to beanalyzed, but in general steam distillation and solid-phaseextraction techniques can be used.Chromatographic conditionsHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) withUV-visible diode-array detection (UV-DAD) has beenapplied in the analysis of citric acid in wine and in a vodkamixed drink. Retention time and spectral data were used asidentification tools.
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