Production of glutamic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum using dates syrup as carbon sourceINTRODUCTION Glutamate is mainly used as a flavor agent , recently it is known as neurotransmitter, (Hawkins, 2009). It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, medical, biochemical and analytical industries. Corynebacterium glutamicum and related organisms are used since 1957 for the production of glutamate (Kinoshita et al., 2004) to meet today an annual demand of approximately 1,500,000 tons. Over production of glutamate by C. glutamicum is induced by biotin limitation (Gutmann et al., 1992), or by adding specific detergents (Eggeling et al., 2001; Amin and AlTalhi, 2007) or by adding sublethal amounts of penicillin in early exponential growth phase (Numheimer et al., 1970) or at last, by a temperature up-shift of the culture broth (Delaunay et al., 1999). Glucose, and other carbon source as, beet molasses (Yoshikiro et al., 1979) and cassava residues (Jyothi et al., 2005). Later on, an investigation carried out by other agriculture wastes which are the cheap carbon source such as Muntingia calabura L. are used by Vijayalakshmi and Sarvamangala (2011) for the production of glutamic acid. In addition to exploitation of wild type strains for amino acid biosynthesis some workers used advanced techniques for improvement of strains by mutagenesis, cloning and protoplasm fusion techniques. Atef et al. (2007) utilized mutant cells of Brevibacterium flavum produced by UV irradiation and by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatments, increased alanine productivity. Pasha et al. (2011) tested the UV and chemical mutation for Corynebacterium glutamicum for increasing glutamic productivity.
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