MS, the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), and the core network (CN). The MS and UTRAN communicate with each other via the air interface. The UTRAN consists of multiple Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs), each of which contains several Radio Network Controllers (RNCs), each of which controls one or several BSs (NodeBs).The CN connects the different RNSs with each other and other networks. The CN can be based on an upgraded GSM CN or might be implemented as a completely new Internet Protocol (IP)-based network.
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