The U.S. National Forest System is a diverse and unique resource that must be managed within the context of
competing and shifting social expectations. The policies under which the system operates have changed over the century,
along with the values society places on wood production, wilderness protection, recreation, and biodiversity conservation.
Proposals for major changes in the management of the National Forests are once again being debated. The
consensus among forest ecologists is that all forests, despite their complexity and variability, should be managed as
ecosystems. Sustainable forest management practices must be based on an understanding of how natural forest ecosystems
work.
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