The container cargo that is handled at the two San Pedro Bay ports includes items such as fireworks; industrial chemicals (gases, liquids, and solids); solvents; petroleum products; paints; cleaners; and pesticides. Hazardous materials that are transported in containers are stored in individual containers specifically manufactured for storing and transporting the material. In addition, shipping companies prepare, package, and label hazardous materials shipments in accordance with US statutory requirements. All hazardous materials in containers must be properly manifested. Hazardous material manifests for inbound containerised hazardous materials are reviewed and approved by the Port Security and the City’s Fire Department before they can be unloaded.
In addition to container cargo, the ports handle numerous liquid bulk cargos, some of which that are potentially hazardous. The two ports receive and export refined and partially refined petroleum products on a large scale. The POLA, for example, has approximately 150 liquid storage tanks on site. The region surrounding the Port (the Los Angeles Basin) also contains a number of oil and gas production fields, which have been operating for nearly a century. These petroleum production facilities include storage vessels, pipelines, processing activities and truck activity. Although these facilities and pipelines are engineered according to various safety standards and undergo extensive environmental review prior to their approval, they nonetheless handle materials that pose risks to people, the environment, and property in the vicinity.
In addition to port requirements, there are a number of city, State and national requirements that apply to protect workers and the public, including the requirement that facilities that store or handle hazardous material prepare a Risk Management Plan. Risk Management Plans were first required by California in 1986 and have since been supplemented by a parallel federal government requirement. A Risk Management Plan contains a hazard assessment of potential “worst-credible” accidents, an accident prevention programme, and an emergency-response programme.
The risks associated with expanding port activities and their interaction with non-port operations in the vicinity of the ports are also dealt with during project-level reviews conducted for NEPA and CEQA, the two environmental disclosure laws discussed earlier.
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