India is a nation, which contributes much to commercial regulations an dịch - India is a nation, which contributes much to commercial regulations an Việt làm thế nào để nói

India is a nation, which contribute

India is a nation, which contributes much to commercial regulations and law, including intellectual property. As a founder of WTO, India makes much contribution to make WTO protect GI products at higher level, aside from products of “wines and spirits”. This is still being discussed by the Trips committee.
There is a great potentiality for geographical indication due to the traditional development of agriculture, systemized cultivation and the rich of local specialities . It is said that Darjeeling tea is the first Indian product developed and protected under geographical indication. We can learn much in the experience of choosing a particular product, and completing documents to protect it.
Product value and problems in the market
Darjeeling is called “tea champion” and widely known all over Europe. The export of
Darjeeling tea brings India about 30 million dollar every year. The tea is planted in high mountain of 700- 2000m, particularly at the peak of Kanchanjunga mountain, which is covered with snow and has typical climate. These make up a typical quality for Darjeeling tea.
• Abuse and unhealthy competitiveness: There is a serious abuse of Darjeeling reputation the market. It is estimated that the quantity of false Darjeeling tea is 4 times real Darjeeling tea. In other words, 80% of Darjeeling tea all over the world is imitation. Almost these kinds of tea come from Kenya. Srilanka and Nepal. Some even say that tea is exported from Nepal to India and consumed as Darjeeling tea.
• The value of Darjeeling tea is abused: The commercial activities of Darjeeling tea is totally controlled by the English. At this moment, its distribution channels are managed by various foreign companies whose function is to mix, package and commercialize tea. Consequently, the product is abused by dominated companies that have strong financial potential. In fact, the price of Darjeeling tea in international market is many times higher than domestic market, about 5 to 10 times higher or even 50 times higher t han domestic price.
• Market changes: The collapse of socialist republic has destroyed the biggest market of Darjeeling tea. Accordingly, there are changes in tea style and the demand of tea packet or cold tea increases. Furthermore, the active participation in exporting market of such countries as Kenia, Malawi in the decade of 90 influenced passively on Darjeeling tea. The imitation of Darjeeling tea became so popular that the price of this tea fluctuates strongly. Hence, it was urgent to find out the original value of the product. In other words, the situation of Darjeeling tea forces India Tea Committee and government to regain both reputation and value for this famous tea.
Main goal of product protection
How to protect Darjeeling tea in global market so that the Darjeeling farmers can stabilize their production: this is the main goal that the Indian Tea Committee and government aim at . We can clarify final objective of the Indian Tea Committee and government as the following:
• Against the abuse of Darjeeling name committed by unclear original tea, or tea mixture in worldwide market
• Bringing real Darjeeling tea to consumers
• Creating equality for profit division in terms of tea commercialization, and assuring that the industry of processing, packaging and c ommercializing tea and the producer can make much profit from the reputation of this product
• Building a production and production management system , administering Darjeeling label as other famous GI and AO products from Europe, for example Champagne or Sco tch Whisky.
In order to reach the above objectives, the most important factors are to choose a way to protect the product. The Indian Tea Committee and the responsible are then put in difficult situation.
Choice of form to protect products
At that time, there were two law systems for commercial protection that can applied in Darjeeling tea situation in the world. They are:
• Firstly, the popular law system is always ready to protect the product without registration. This system bases on the capacity of use and reputation of the product. For instance, Britain, United Nations, India, Canada and Australia applied regulations to certify commercial label and collective label. These are laid down in Trips agreement (WTO regulations) in which India is one of the founders.
• Another system is civil law system in which the product has to be regist ered in order to be protected, for instance in France, Morocco and Russia by geographical indication or appellation of origin.
To make the matter complicated, the protection o f tea products in worldwide market under agreements met many difficulties. India had signed Paris agreement on industrial property protection but not Lisbon agreement on GI and AO protection with other 23 members. India had not either signed Madrid agreement or Madrid decree on management of label
registration.
It was difficult for Indian government to choose a protection form; especially the protection by commercial certification law was not accepted in many countries like France or some other European countries. Meanwhile, if geographical indication was chosen to protect Darjeeling tea, India would have to apply regulation 2081/92 of European Union, but the most difficult is to define the direct link between product and its original location. After many negotiations and discussion with other countries, there were two parties: one supported geographical indication and the other did not.
In order to solve the problems and to protect Darjeeling tea in those countries consuming this tea, the Indian Tea Committee made the following decisions:
• Using the law to protect and certify their commercial label in order to register Darjeeling tea in the countries that did not support geographical indication, such as Britain, United State, Canada, Japan and Egypt. In 1996, the logo of Darjeeling tea was created and successfully registered.
• In 1998, the Indian Tea Committee followed to protect Darjeeling tea under
geographical indication in other countries.
• In domestic market, due to the inexistence of law on geographical indication, the Indian Tea Committee got much support to register the tea’s logo under certificate of commercial label.
• In February 2000, Indian Tea Committee took an important step to develop a compulsory legal system to certify the reality of Darjeeling tea. Accordingly, the regulations are put in articles of federation law. All the tea distributors have to furnish information of production, processing and commercialization. From this, Indian Tea Committee would make a summary of information and then can manage the quantity of tea sold in the market. When this law began to be applied, 171 companies producing and commercializing tea) register to implement with Indian Tea Committee. A tea inspection system was created. All databases concerning tea were supervised and extracted from the bills of tea garden, which then became the database for mandators of tea export to certify the origin. Each batch of products would be inspected according to inspection rules and be certified in terms of origin. Only products inspected could be given a license to export as Darjeeling tea.
• Indian Tea Committee was trying to get support of importing market and pointed out the advantages when supporting the inspection rules . These markets should ask for certificate of origin when importing Darjeeling tea.
• In the next step, Indian Tea Committee registered t he name Darjeeling in those countries accepting its logo. On August 3rd 2001, the United Kingdom and North of Ireland accept the application of Indian Tea Committee , and in October 2002 so do the United States. Among 15 nations that Indian apply to register Darjeeling tea, there were some more countries like Japan, Srilanka and Russia accepted while three countries did not and other seven countries is still taking consideration.
• In September 2003, the law on geographical indication was born in India. This indicated that it was compulsory to register for geographical indication and any GI products that had not registered would not be protected within India. This is a reasonable chang e to meet with the demand of the European Union regulation 2081/92.
• After the appearance of the law on geographical indication , Indian Tea Committee encouraged to register and protect products under geographical indication according to European Union regulations. The development of geographical indication for Darjeeling tea in 2004 succeeded in taking back product’s value and increasing the price of Darjeeling tea four times higher than normal tea.
The process of protecting Darjeeling tea in India is a precious lesson for us in choosing a suitable form to protect local products in accordance with national and international law. Besides, we should pay much attention on the roles of producers’ organizations in protecting the right of all stakeholders of the commodity chain.
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Kết quả (Việt) 1: [Sao chép]
Sao chép!
Ấn Độ là một quốc gia, đóng góp nhiều để thương mại quy định và luật pháp, kể cả tài sản sở hữu trí tuệ. Là một người sáng lập của WTO, Ấn Độ làm cho nhiều đóng góp cho WTO bảo vệ GI sản phẩm cao cấp, ngoài các sản phẩm của "loại rượu vang và rượu mạnh". Điều này vẫn còn đang được thảo luận bởi Ủy ban chuyến đi.Có là một tiềm năng lớn cho địa lý dấu hiệu do sự phát triển truyền thống nông nghiệp, trồng trọt systemized và phong phú các món đặc sản địa phương. Người ta nói rằng trà Darjeeling là sản phẩm Ấn Độ đầu tiên phát triển và được bảo vệ theo chỉ dẫn địa lý. Chúng tôi có thể tìm hiểu nhiều trong kinh nghiệm của việc lựa chọn một sản phẩm cụ thể, và hoàn thành các tài liệu để bảo vệ nó.Product giá trị và các vấn đề trên thị trườngDarjeeling được gọi là "chè vô địch" và được biết đến rộng rãi trên tất cả châu Âu. Xuất khẩuDarjeeling trà mang Ấn Độ khoảng 30 triệu đô la mỗi năm. Trà được trồng ở núi cao 700-2000 m, đặc biệt là tại đỉnh của Kanchanjunga núi, được bao phủ với tuyết và có khí hậu đặc trưng. Đây tạo ra một chất lượng tiêu biểu cho Darjeeling trà.• Lạm dụng và khả năng cạnh tranh không lành mạnh: có là một lạm dụng nghiêm trọng của Darjeeling uy tín trên thị trường. Người ta ước tính rằng số lượng các sai Darjeeling trà là 4 lần thực Darjeeling trà. Nói cách khác, 80% của trà Darjeeling khắp nơi trên thế giới là giả. Hầu hết các loại trà đến từ Kenya. Srilanka và Nepal. Một số thậm chí nói rằng trà xuất khẩu từ Nepal tới Ấn Độ và tiêu thụ như Darjeeling trà.• Giá trị của trà Darjeeling là bị lạm dụng: các hoạt động thương mại của trà Darjeeling hoàn toàn kiểm soát bởi người Anh. Tại thời điểm này, các kênh phân phối được quản lý bởi các công ty nước ngoài có chức năng là để trộn, gói và thương mại hóa trà. Do đó, các sản phẩm là bị lạm dụng bởi chủ yếu là các công ty có tiềm năng tài chính mạnh mẽ. Trong thực tế, giá của trà Darjeeling thị trường quốc tế là cao hơn nhiều lần so với thị trường nội địa, về 5-10 lần cao hơn hoặc thậm chí 50 lần cao t han giá trong nước.• Thay đổi thị trường: sự sụp đổ của Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa đã phá hủy thị trường lớn nhất của trà Darjeeling. Theo đó, có những thay đổi trong phong cách trà và nhu cầu của gói trà hoặc trà lạnh tăng. Hơn nữa, sự tham gia hoạt động xuất khẩu thị trường của các quốc gia như vậy là Kenia, Malawi trong thập kỷ 90 ảnh hưởng thụ động Darjeeling trà. Bắt chước Darjeeling trà đã trở thành rất phổ biến rằng giá của trà này biến động mạnh mẽ. Do đó, nó đã được khẩn cấp để tìm hiểu giá trị ban đầu của sản phẩm. Nói cách khác, vị trí của trà Darjeeling lực lượng Ấn Độ trà Ủy ban và chính phủ để lấy lại danh tiếng và giá trị cho trà nổi tiếng này.Main mục tiêu sản phẩm bảo vệLàm thế nào để bảo vệ Darjeeling trà trong thị trường toàn cầu, vì vậy mà nông dân Darjeeling có thể ổn định sản xuất của họ: đây là mục đích chính rằng Ấn Độ trà Ủy ban và chính phủ nhằm. Chúng tôi có thể làm rõ các mục tiêu cuối cùng của Ấn Độ trà Ủy ban và các chính phủ như sau:• Chống lạm dụng Darjeeling tên cam kết của trà gốc không rõ ràng, hoặc hỗn hợp trà trong thị trường trên toàn cầu• Đưa thực Darjeeling trà cho người tiêu dùng• Tạo sự bình đẳng cho phân chia lợi nhuận trong điều khoản của thương mại hóa trà và đảm bảo rằng các ngành công nghiệp chế biến, đóng gói và c ommercializing trà và các nhà sản xuất có thể làm cho nhiều lợi nhuận từ uy tín của sản phẩm này• Xây dựng một sản xuất và hệ thống quản lý sản xuất, quản lý Darjeeling nhãn như nổi tiếng GI và AO các sản phẩm khác từ châu Âu, cho ví dụ Champagne hoặc Sco tch Whisky.Để đạt được các mục tiêu ở trên, các yếu tố quan trọng nhất là để lựa chọn một cách để bảo vệ sản phẩm. Ủy ban trà Ấn Độ và là trách nhiệm sau đó đặt trong tình huống khó khăn.Choice của các hình thức để bảo vệ sản phẩmTại thời điểm đó, đã có hai hệ thống pháp luật bảo hộ thương mại mà có thể được áp dụng trong tình huống trà Darjeeling trên thế giới. Họ là:• Trước hết, Hệ thống phổ biến pháp luật là luôn luôn sẵn sàng để bảo vệ các sản phẩm mà không cần đăng ký. Hệ thống này căn cứ vào khả năng sử dụng và uy tín của sản phẩm. Ví dụ, Anh, Liên Hiệp Quốc, Ấn Độ, Canada và Úc áp dụng các quy định để xác nhận thương mại nhãn và nhãn tập thể. Chúng được đặt lườn vào thỏa thuận chuyến đi (WTO quy định) trong đó Ấn Độ là một trong những người sáng lập.• Các hệ thống khác là hệ thống luật thương mại trong đó sản phẩm đã là regist ered để được bảo vệ, ví dụ tại Pháp, Ma-Rốc và Nga bởi địa lý dấu hiệu hoặc chỉ dẫn của nguồn gốc.Để làm cho vấn đề phức tạp, sản phẩm trà bảo vệ o f trong các thị trường trên toàn thế giới theo các thỏa thuận đã gặp nhiều khó khăn. Ấn Độ đã ký kết Hiệp ước Paris về bảo vệ sở hữu công nghiệp nhưng không Lisbon thỏa thuận về bảo vệ GI và AO với 23 thành viên khác. Ấn Độ đã không hoặc ký Hiệp ước Madrid hoặc nghị định Madrid quản lý nhãnđăng ký.Nó đã được khó khăn cho các chính phủ Ấn Độ để lựa chọn một hình thức bảo vệ; đặc biệt là bảo vệ bởi pháp luật thương mại chứng nhận không được chấp nhận ở nhiều quốc gia như pháp hoặc một số nước châu Âu khác. Trong khi đó, nếu địa lý chỉ được chọn để bảo vệ trà Darjeeling, Ấn Độ đã có thể áp dụng quy định 2081/92 của liên minh châu Âu, nhưng khó khăn nhất là để xác định liên kết trực tiếp giữa sản phẩm và vị trí ban đầu của nó. Sau nhiều cuộc đàm phán và thảo luận với các nước khác, đã có hai bên: một hỗ trợ chỉ dẫn địa lý và khác không.Để giải quyết các vấn đề và để bảo vệ Darjeeling trà ở những quốc gia tiêu thụ trà này, Ủy ban trà Ấn Độ thực hiện các quyết định sau đây:• Sử dụng pháp luật để bảo vệ và xác nhận nhãn thương mại của họ để đăng ký Darjeeling trà tại các quốc gia mà không hỗ trợ chỉ dẫn địa lý, như Anh, Hoa Kỳ, Canada, Nhật bản, Ai Cập. Năm 1996, biểu tượng của Darjeeling trà được tạo ra và đăng ký thành công.• Năm 1998, Ủy ban trà Ấn Độ theo sau để bảo vệ trà Darjeeling dướigeographical indication in other countries.• In domestic market, due to the inexistence of law on geographical indication, the Indian Tea Committee got much support to register the tea’s logo under certificate of commercial label.• In February 2000, Indian Tea Committee took an important step to develop a compulsory legal system to certify the reality of Darjeeling tea. Accordingly, the regulations are put in articles of federation law. All the tea distributors have to furnish information of production, processing and commercialization. From this, Indian Tea Committee would make a summary of information and then can manage the quantity of tea sold in the market. When this law began to be applied, 171 companies producing and commercializing tea) register to implement with Indian Tea Committee. A tea inspection system was created. All databases concerning tea were supervised and extracted from the bills of tea garden, which then became the database for mandators of tea export to certify the origin. Each batch of products would be inspected according to inspection rules and be certified in terms of origin. Only products inspected could be given a license to export as Darjeeling tea.• Indian Tea Committee was trying to get support of importing market and pointed out the advantages when supporting the inspection rules . These markets should ask for certificate of origin when importing Darjeeling tea.• In the next step, Indian Tea Committee registered t he name Darjeeling in those countries accepting its logo. On August 3rd 2001, the United Kingdom and North of Ireland accept the application of Indian Tea Committee , and in October 2002 so do the United States. Among 15 nations that Indian apply to register Darjeeling tea, there were some more countries like Japan, Srilanka and Russia accepted while three countries did not and other seven countries is still taking consideration.• In September 2003, the law on geographical indication was born in India. This indicated that it was compulsory to register for geographical indication and any GI products that had not registered would not be protected within India. This is a reasonable chang e to meet with the demand of the European Union regulation 2081/92.• After the appearance of the law on geographical indication , Indian Tea Committee encouraged to register and protect products under geographical indication according to European Union regulations. The development of geographical indication for Darjeeling tea in 2004 succeeded in taking back product’s value and increasing the price of Darjeeling tea four times higher than normal tea.The process of protecting Darjeeling tea in India is a precious lesson for us in choosing a suitable form to protect local products in accordance with national and international law. Besides, we should pay much attention on the roles of producers’ organizations in protecting the right of all stakeholders of the commodity chain.
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Kết quả (Việt) 2:[Sao chép]
Sao chép!
India is a nation, which contributes much to commercial regulations and law, including intellectual property. As a founder of WTO, India makes much contribution to make WTO protect GI products at higher level, aside from products of “wines and spirits”. This is still being discussed by the Trips committee.
There is a great potentiality for geographical indication due to the traditional development of agriculture, systemized cultivation and the rich of local specialities . It is said that Darjeeling tea is the first Indian product developed and protected under geographical indication. We can learn much in the experience of choosing a particular product, and completing documents to protect it.
Product value and problems in the market
Darjeeling is called “tea champion” and widely known all over Europe. The export of
Darjeeling tea brings India about 30 million dollar every year. The tea is planted in high mountain of 700- 2000m, particularly at the peak of Kanchanjunga mountain, which is covered with snow and has typical climate. These make up a typical quality for Darjeeling tea.
• Abuse and unhealthy competitiveness: There is a serious abuse of Darjeeling reputation the market. It is estimated that the quantity of false Darjeeling tea is 4 times real Darjeeling tea. In other words, 80% of Darjeeling tea all over the world is imitation. Almost these kinds of tea come from Kenya. Srilanka and Nepal. Some even say that tea is exported from Nepal to India and consumed as Darjeeling tea.
• The value of Darjeeling tea is abused: The commercial activities of Darjeeling tea is totally controlled by the English. At this moment, its distribution channels are managed by various foreign companies whose function is to mix, package and commercialize tea. Consequently, the product is abused by dominated companies that have strong financial potential. In fact, the price of Darjeeling tea in international market is many times higher than domestic market, about 5 to 10 times higher or even 50 times higher t han domestic price.
• Market changes: The collapse of socialist republic has destroyed the biggest market of Darjeeling tea. Accordingly, there are changes in tea style and the demand of tea packet or cold tea increases. Furthermore, the active participation in exporting market of such countries as Kenia, Malawi in the decade of 90 influenced passively on Darjeeling tea. The imitation of Darjeeling tea became so popular that the price of this tea fluctuates strongly. Hence, it was urgent to find out the original value of the product. In other words, the situation of Darjeeling tea forces India Tea Committee and government to regain both reputation and value for this famous tea.
Main goal of product protection
How to protect Darjeeling tea in global market so that the Darjeeling farmers can stabilize their production: this is the main goal that the Indian Tea Committee and government aim at . We can clarify final objective of the Indian Tea Committee and government as the following:
• Against the abuse of Darjeeling name committed by unclear original tea, or tea mixture in worldwide market
• Bringing real Darjeeling tea to consumers
• Creating equality for profit division in terms of tea commercialization, and assuring that the industry of processing, packaging and c ommercializing tea and the producer can make much profit from the reputation of this product
• Building a production and production management system , administering Darjeeling label as other famous GI and AO products from Europe, for example Champagne or Sco tch Whisky.
In order to reach the above objectives, the most important factors are to choose a way to protect the product. The Indian Tea Committee and the responsible are then put in difficult situation.
Choice of form to protect products
At that time, there were two law systems for commercial protection that can applied in Darjeeling tea situation in the world. They are:
• Firstly, the popular law system is always ready to protect the product without registration. This system bases on the capacity of use and reputation of the product. For instance, Britain, United Nations, India, Canada and Australia applied regulations to certify commercial label and collective label. These are laid down in Trips agreement (WTO regulations) in which India is one of the founders.
• Another system is civil law system in which the product has to be regist ered in order to be protected, for instance in France, Morocco and Russia by geographical indication or appellation of origin.
To make the matter complicated, the protection o f tea products in worldwide market under agreements met many difficulties. India had signed Paris agreement on industrial property protection but not Lisbon agreement on GI and AO protection with other 23 members. India had not either signed Madrid agreement or Madrid decree on management of label
registration.
It was difficult for Indian government to choose a protection form; especially the protection by commercial certification law was not accepted in many countries like France or some other European countries. Meanwhile, if geographical indication was chosen to protect Darjeeling tea, India would have to apply regulation 2081/92 of European Union, but the most difficult is to define the direct link between product and its original location. After many negotiations and discussion with other countries, there were two parties: one supported geographical indication and the other did not.
In order to solve the problems and to protect Darjeeling tea in those countries consuming this tea, the Indian Tea Committee made the following decisions:
• Using the law to protect and certify their commercial label in order to register Darjeeling tea in the countries that did not support geographical indication, such as Britain, United State, Canada, Japan and Egypt. In 1996, the logo of Darjeeling tea was created and successfully registered.
• In 1998, the Indian Tea Committee followed to protect Darjeeling tea under
geographical indication in other countries.
• In domestic market, due to the inexistence of law on geographical indication, the Indian Tea Committee got much support to register the tea’s logo under certificate of commercial label.
• In February 2000, Indian Tea Committee took an important step to develop a compulsory legal system to certify the reality of Darjeeling tea. Accordingly, the regulations are put in articles of federation law. All the tea distributors have to furnish information of production, processing and commercialization. From this, Indian Tea Committee would make a summary of information and then can manage the quantity of tea sold in the market. When this law began to be applied, 171 companies producing and commercializing tea) register to implement with Indian Tea Committee. A tea inspection system was created. All databases concerning tea were supervised and extracted from the bills of tea garden, which then became the database for mandators of tea export to certify the origin. Each batch of products would be inspected according to inspection rules and be certified in terms of origin. Only products inspected could be given a license to export as Darjeeling tea.
• Indian Tea Committee was trying to get support of importing market and pointed out the advantages when supporting the inspection rules . These markets should ask for certificate of origin when importing Darjeeling tea.
• In the next step, Indian Tea Committee registered t he name Darjeeling in those countries accepting its logo. On August 3rd 2001, the United Kingdom and North of Ireland accept the application of Indian Tea Committee , and in October 2002 so do the United States. Among 15 nations that Indian apply to register Darjeeling tea, there were some more countries like Japan, Srilanka and Russia accepted while three countries did not and other seven countries is still taking consideration.
• In September 2003, the law on geographical indication was born in India. This indicated that it was compulsory to register for geographical indication and any GI products that had not registered would not be protected within India. This is a reasonable chang e to meet with the demand of the European Union regulation 2081/92.
• After the appearance of the law on geographical indication , Indian Tea Committee encouraged to register and protect products under geographical indication according to European Union regulations. The development of geographical indication for Darjeeling tea in 2004 succeeded in taking back product’s value and increasing the price of Darjeeling tea four times higher than normal tea.
The process of protecting Darjeeling tea in India is a precious lesson for us in choosing a suitable form to protect local products in accordance with national and international law. Besides, we should pay much attention on the roles of producers’ organizations in protecting the right of all stakeholders of the commodity chain.
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