Developing countries (DVCs) are 107 unindustrialized nations heavily committed to agriculture. They have low rates of literacy, high unemployment, rapid population growth, and their exports are largely agricultural or raw materials. Capital equipment is scarce, production technologies are primitive, and productivity is low. More than 60 percent of the world’s population lives in these nations, which can be divided into two groups (Figure 22-1).1. The first group consists of "middle-income" DVCs with an average annual per capita output in 1999 of $2,000, but with a range from $756 to $9,265 per capita.2. The low-income group is the poorest with average output per capita of only $410 and a range to $755. Dominating this group are India, China, and the sub-Saharan African nations.
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