Conventional proton exchange membranes have been widely investigated by many researchers as electrolytes for fuel cell applications. However, it is indubitable that these membranes requireimprovements in order to achieve a real implementation of this technology. Several works are related to the modification of Nafion membranes towards improving their water retention and proton conduction at high temperatures. For this purpose, several authors have studied bifunctional compounds incorporated in a Nafion matrix. These bifunctional compounds include functionalised silica, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zeolites[52–58].The use ofnon-fluorinated polymers, as a total or partial replacement of fluorinated polymers, is a less expensive alternative for PEM applications.
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