Fundamental in the Hughes framework is that all resources are developed based on research supported content (Hughes, 1994; Hughes & Schroeder, 1997).The content of a resource consists of the theory, research, context, and practice aspects of the resource. The theory behind the program should be explicit and clearly articulated, and the research Content (Theory/ research, Context, Practice) Instructional Process (Teaching plans and Presentations) Implementation Process Evaluation Process 17 well supported. Consideration should be given to the specific context of the family life issues addressed and how these issues may be influenced by immediate settings as well as by a larger social system (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). The current practices of other successful educational resources should be reflected, and references to these programs clearly presented. Other researchers have recommended similar important factors relating to the content of educational resources. Adler-Baeder et al. (2004) conducted an extensive review of literature to extract research-supported topics associated with marital quality. These researchers asserted that program content must be consistent with empirical information and with best practices recommendations, and should cover the following areas of program content: Positivity or protective factors, Negativity or risk factors, and Cognitions or further protective factors. Halford et al. (2003) reviewed twelve outcome studies of marriage education programs and concluded that there is strong evidence to support that a skills-based focus in the content of relationship education is effective in helping couples acquire and maintain relationship skills. Hawkins et al. (2004) offered a comprehensive framework designed to encourage educators to consider the multiple dimensions of providing marriage education. These authors also acknowledge that a research-based content is an essential part of effective education. They suggest that marriage education content should include relationship skills-training; content that fosters awareness of potential relationship problems, as well as knowledge and attitudes that support healthy marriages; and content that promotes motivations and virtues that are associated with sustaining positive marital outcomes. Halford et al. also encouraged developers to match the content of a marriage education resource to couples with special 18 needs. This concept is in line with Hughes’ emphasis on considering content in light of the context of family life issues and how these may be influenced by other social systems. Past research has established that empirically supported content is essential to effective MPE, however; the degree to which quality research is used in the content of marriage preparation resources has not been the subject of systematic research.
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