The RF front-end functions as the transmitter and receiver for the RF signal received via theantenna. On the receive path, it down-converts the RF signal to IF signal for further processing inthe IF section. On the transmit path, it performs up-conversion to convert the IF signal to RFsignal follow by power amplification. The IF section is responsible for analog-to-digitalconversion (ADC) and digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) on the receive path and the transmitpath, respectively. The digital down converter (DDC) and digital up-converter (DUC) thatproceeds and precedes the ADC and DAC respectively, jointly assume the functions of a modem.The baseband section performs baseband operations such as connection setup, equalization,frequency hopping, timing recovery and correlation. In a reconfigurable transceiver, the basebandprocessing is designed to be software programmable. On top of that, the DDC and DUC modulesin the IF section are also programmable. The link layer protocols, modulation and demodulationoperations are implemented in software. Thus, the operational mode of the transceiver can bechanged or augmented post-manufacturing using software. An ideal reconfigurable transceiver isone that is programmable up till the RF section, i.e., capable of performing high speed and powerefficient analog-to-digital conversion and vice-versa right at the antenna. However, supportingthe required digital bandwidth, dynamic range and sampling rate for efficient implementation ofprogrammable RF section is still a challenge for more development.
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