Disappearing Species Two hundred years ago, passenger pigeons were the most numerous birds in the world. A flock of passenger pigeons might include over two million birds. When they flew overhead, they darkened the sky for hundreds of miles. Today, not a singles one of these birds exists. Incredible as it may seem, all those millions of birds were hunted down for food, feathers and sport. The story of the passenger pigeon is just one of the many sad stories about animals that have disappeared. At least 461 species of birds and mammals have become extinct in the past 400 years. Many more species- about 555 mammals and 1,073 birds- are now at risk of extinction. Among reptiles, fish and invertebrates, at least 2,961 are at risk. And among plant species the number at risk reaches 25,000. The cause of this terrible destruction is always the same: humankind. Sometimes people have killed off species directly by hunting them, as with the passenger pigeon. In other cases, people have caused extinction indirectly, as with the dodo bird of Mauritius (a far away island in the Indian Ocean). Though brutally hunted by the first European settlers, some dodos managed to survive in the interior forests. However, these were soon eliminated by the cats, dogs, pigs and rats the Europeans brought with them. The most frequent cause of extinction, however, is the human destruction of the environment. On the Hawaiian Islands, for instance, European and American settlers cut down the forest for farmland. This killed off many of Hawaii's unique species of birds and plants. Even more dramatic, today, is the situation in the Amazon rain forest. Here, each square mile of the forest contains thousands of plant and animal species. These species depend on each other and on their special environment. When the trees are cut down, the environment changes or is destroyed altogether. And many species disappear forever. Scientists are very concerned about the many species that are disappearing around the world. Animals are humankind's most precious resource and we should, in theory, get along like a house on fire with our fellow creatures, or at any rate manage to co-habit the earth peacefully. Sadly this is not the case, and the loss of our fellow creatures is a loss for us as well. Not only do we lose the chance to learn more about ourselves and our environment. We also lose valuable economic or scientific resources. Moreover, many wild plants, such as the wild tomato and the wild sunflower, are useful in medical research. In this way, medicines have been found to help fight leukaemia, cancer, and many other diseases. Aside from the uses that research has already discovered, there may be countless more. Who knows what we are losing in the forests that are being cut down? Every year, as more plants and animals disappear, we lose opportunities for science and medicine. That means opportunities to improve our lives. The loss of species also means a narrower range of genetic possibilities in the world. Scientists do not know what that will mean, but they are worried.
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