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1Appendix 1Culturally Sensitive Int
1
Appendix 1
Culturally Sensitive Intervention (CSI):
Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Intervention Development Protocol
Intervention Storyboards2
CSI: Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Protocol and Questions
Facilitator speaks to focus group participants:
Thank you for joining us today. My name is ________________ and assisting me
is ____________________. I work for Cooper Green Mercy Hospital and
______________ works for ____________________. We are here to have a group
discussion that will help us to create a new high blood pressure control
educational program to be delivered to the community. We will be talking about
things like where you go for health information, how you prefer to get this
information, and your knowledge and beliefs about high blood pressure. We are
having discussions like this with several groups of African American patients
who come to Cooper Green Mercy Hospital or one our satellite clinics.
As you may know, the health community is concerned about the high rate of
hypertension among African Americans. To address this issue, we need your
feedback and input on how best to raise awareness.
We do not want to miss your comments. We will take notes and record the
group discussion using a tape recorder to make sure we are able to hear all that
you have to say. There are no right or wrong answers. We want to hear what
you think and feel. You are free to express any concerns you have.
Your comments are confidential. Your name will not appear on anything that
you have said in the group or your personal information. However, to help in
the transcription of the tapes, we will give you a number. This is just a way to
protect your confidentiality. We will write the number you are given on the
name tag. Every time you speak, say your number. For example (practice an
example with the co-moderator). Does anyone have any questions? Let’s go
around and give everyone their numbers (co-moderator write the numbers on
the name tags and distribute).
We are informal so please feel free to get refreshments during the session.
Before we begin, we need to look at the form that says Informed Consent Form
at the top. This form is for your protection. It tells you all you need to know
about what we are going to do here today so that you can make an informed
decision that this is something you want to be a part of, or not. I will now read
the informed consent form out loud as you follow along with me. [Read informed
consent form.] Do you have any questions about the group and what we are
here to do? When you are ready, you can place your initials on the first two
pages and sign your name on the last page where it says Signature of
Participant, and write the date. I am here to answer any questions you may
have about this project.
I would like to go over some other ground rules for the focus group before we
begin. 3
• Please be respectful of everyone in the room. Do not interrupt
someone when they are speaking.
• One person should speak at a time.
• Do not make fun of, roll your eyes at, or mock someone for their
comments.
• If you need to leave the room for any reason, please do so quietly.
Bathrooms are located _________________.
• Please turn off or put your cell phones on silent or vibrate during the
focus group session, so we can minimize our interruptions.
• Any questions?
I will now turn on the tape-recorder.
[Recorder on]
Normal blood pressure for most adults is less than 120/70 mmHg.
Hypertension, commonly referred to as "high blood pressure", is a medical
condition where the blood pressure is always higher than the normal blood
pressure rate. This generally means:
• Systolic blood pressure stays over 140 (systolic is the "top" number of
your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure made when the
heart beats)
• Diastolic blood pressure stays over 90 (diastolic is the "bottom" number
of your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure in the
vessels when the heart is at rest)
If one or both of these numbers are too high, you have high blood pressure.4
Focus Group Questions
1. What do you know [or have you heard] about high blood pressure?
2. Why is high blood pressure called the “silent killer”?
3. How do people become aware that they have high blood pressure?
a. What is that experience like for them?
4. From where do people get their health information?
5. How serious is having high blood pressure?
a. [probe] What might happen to a person if their blood pressure is not
controlled?
6. What makes it hard for people to control their blood pressure?
a. [probe] If people take medication to control their blood pressure, what
makes that harder or easier for them to stick with?
b. [probe] What is helpful in controlling blood pressure? (probe about
the role of diet, physical activity, medication)
7. Why do you think more people do not control their blood pressure?
8. Research has shown that African Americans experience higher blood
pressure rates than White Americans. Why do you think this is so?
9. What is people’s experience with the health care system (e.g., doctors,
nurses) been like, in the context of handling their blood pressure?
a. [probe] What do doctors discuss about how to control blood
pressure?
10.Do people ever leave a doctor’s office without understanding what they
needed to do about their blood pressure?
a. If so, then why?
11.What do you think your community needs to know about high blood
pressure and controlling it?
12.Is there anything else we should consider that we have not already
mentioned?5
The last thing we would like you to do is fill out this very short survey. We ask
for your contact information in case we need to be in touch with you for our
future work. Please be assured that we will not be giving your personal
information to anyone outside of our research team. The last part of the survey
has questions that will help us to describe the group as a whole. We are not
interested in any one person’s information, but we will put all information
together to describe the group as a whole.
Please accept this gift card as a small token of our appreciation for your time
today. [Distribute gift cards and get signatures, etc.]
Thank you again for your time and help with this project. If you need to speak
with me I will be around for a few minutes or you may call my office at 205-
930-3600. Again, thank you. My phone number is also on the Informed
Consent Form that you have a copy of.6
CSI: Birmingham
Manual for Developing Intervention DVDs
I. Filming Interviews and Learn more
A. Introduction
The Conceptual model the CSI project employed an adapted version of
the Slater Model of Narrative Communication. The Narrative portion of
the content consisted of patient interviews. According to the model, when
narrative content is combined with relatively good production quality the
viewers can become “transported” into a story. This immersion info the
story is one of the mechanisms that contribute to a change in behavior
and attitudes.
The construct of homophily or perceived similarities was combined
with a persuasive subtext from the interview process. Race was not the
only component of homophily used. Because focus groups were utilized
earlier in the process, patients were selected that most matched other
demographic characteristics of the hospitals population. Much of the
communication research dealing with source credibility suggests when a
sender of a message has shared homophily with the receiver, the sender
is perceived as more credible. These two elements were used in
conjunction to help the viewers identify with interviewees used in the
story units.7
B. Considerations prior to initiating filming: Many times preparation
for filming can be time consuming. If special attention is given to a few
key areas during production the quality can differ substantially. Not all
technical complications can be corrected in post production, therefore
planning upfront and consideration of these key issues will eliminate
post-production problems.
1. Always insure appropriate audio levels. If audio levels are
very low when recording a segment, increasing the volume of the audio
tracks in post production will increase the amount of distortion, yielding
undesirable results.
2. Capturing optimal footage when filming will minimize
adjustments in the editing phase, increasing the production value of the
video. The production elements the CSI video team focused on consisted
of lighting, audio and filming of the segments.
3. Staging is very important. Consider the room you use, its
natural or existing lighting, the background (is it appropriate for the
video), room size and set up.
C. Lighting/Setup8
When selecting a filming location, one needs to pay special
attention to the lighting of the area. Concerns include: is the light in the
area ample, what type of bulbs are used, can any of the incoming
sunlight interfere with the picture? Answering these questions and
making adjustments will help ensure the best capture quality.
1. The ambient lighting of the filming location will impact
decisions of the staff. If the location is using incandescent bulbs and the
lighting is sufficient, it may be acceptable to film without the use
additional sources of lighting. Room lighting is generally overhead, thus
many times there is insufficient light to properly illuminate the front of
the interviewee’s face. In cases such as these, additional lighting will be
beneficial. When employing additional lights, diffusion umbrellas or
reflectors should be used to ensure the correct amount of light reaches
the subject and prevent over exposure or other adverse affects.
2. Although adding lights to a shot will help brighten the intended
area, additional lights may produce shadows. Shadows in film may be a
desired effect if carefully controlled; however, it can be a distracting
byproduct of light. If a shadow occurs i
Appendix 1
Culturally Sensitive Intervention (CSI):
Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Intervention Development Protocol
Intervention Storyboards2
CSI: Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Protocol and Questions
Facilitator speaks to focus group participants:
Thank you for joining us today. My name is ________________ and assisting me
is ____________________. I work for Cooper Green Mercy Hospital and
______________ works for ____________________. We are here to have a group
discussion that will help us to create a new high blood pressure control
educational program to be delivered to the community. We will be talking about
things like where you go for health information, how you prefer to get this
information, and your knowledge and beliefs about high blood pressure. We are
having discussions like this with several groups of African American patients
who come to Cooper Green Mercy Hospital or one our satellite clinics.
As you may know, the health community is concerned about the high rate of
hypertension among African Americans. To address this issue, we need your
feedback and input on how best to raise awareness.
We do not want to miss your comments. We will take notes and record the
group discussion using a tape recorder to make sure we are able to hear all that
you have to say. There are no right or wrong answers. We want to hear what
you think and feel. You are free to express any concerns you have.
Your comments are confidential. Your name will not appear on anything that
you have said in the group or your personal information. However, to help in
the transcription of the tapes, we will give you a number. This is just a way to
protect your confidentiality. We will write the number you are given on the
name tag. Every time you speak, say your number. For example (practice an
example with the co-moderator). Does anyone have any questions? Let’s go
around and give everyone their numbers (co-moderator write the numbers on
the name tags and distribute).
We are informal so please feel free to get refreshments during the session.
Before we begin, we need to look at the form that says Informed Consent Form
at the top. This form is for your protection. It tells you all you need to know
about what we are going to do here today so that you can make an informed
decision that this is something you want to be a part of, or not. I will now read
the informed consent form out loud as you follow along with me. [Read informed
consent form.] Do you have any questions about the group and what we are
here to do? When you are ready, you can place your initials on the first two
pages and sign your name on the last page where it says Signature of
Participant, and write the date. I am here to answer any questions you may
have about this project.
I would like to go over some other ground rules for the focus group before we
begin. 3
• Please be respectful of everyone in the room. Do not interrupt
someone when they are speaking.
• One person should speak at a time.
• Do not make fun of, roll your eyes at, or mock someone for their
comments.
• If you need to leave the room for any reason, please do so quietly.
Bathrooms are located _________________.
• Please turn off or put your cell phones on silent or vibrate during the
focus group session, so we can minimize our interruptions.
• Any questions?
I will now turn on the tape-recorder.
[Recorder on]
Normal blood pressure for most adults is less than 120/70 mmHg.
Hypertension, commonly referred to as "high blood pressure", is a medical
condition where the blood pressure is always higher than the normal blood
pressure rate. This generally means:
• Systolic blood pressure stays over 140 (systolic is the "top" number of
your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure made when the
heart beats)
• Diastolic blood pressure stays over 90 (diastolic is the "bottom" number
of your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure in the
vessels when the heart is at rest)
If one or both of these numbers are too high, you have high blood pressure.4
Focus Group Questions
1. What do you know [or have you heard] about high blood pressure?
2. Why is high blood pressure called the “silent killer”?
3. How do people become aware that they have high blood pressure?
a. What is that experience like for them?
4. From where do people get their health information?
5. How serious is having high blood pressure?
a. [probe] What might happen to a person if their blood pressure is not
controlled?
6. What makes it hard for people to control their blood pressure?
a. [probe] If people take medication to control their blood pressure, what
makes that harder or easier for them to stick with?
b. [probe] What is helpful in controlling blood pressure? (probe about
the role of diet, physical activity, medication)
7. Why do you think more people do not control their blood pressure?
8. Research has shown that African Americans experience higher blood
pressure rates than White Americans. Why do you think this is so?
9. What is people’s experience with the health care system (e.g., doctors,
nurses) been like, in the context of handling their blood pressure?
a. [probe] What do doctors discuss about how to control blood
pressure?
10.Do people ever leave a doctor’s office without understanding what they
needed to do about their blood pressure?
a. If so, then why?
11.What do you think your community needs to know about high blood
pressure and controlling it?
12.Is there anything else we should consider that we have not already
mentioned?5
The last thing we would like you to do is fill out this very short survey. We ask
for your contact information in case we need to be in touch with you for our
future work. Please be assured that we will not be giving your personal
information to anyone outside of our research team. The last part of the survey
has questions that will help us to describe the group as a whole. We are not
interested in any one person’s information, but we will put all information
together to describe the group as a whole.
Please accept this gift card as a small token of our appreciation for your time
today. [Distribute gift cards and get signatures, etc.]
Thank you again for your time and help with this project. If you need to speak
with me I will be around for a few minutes or you may call my office at 205-
930-3600. Again, thank you. My phone number is also on the Informed
Consent Form that you have a copy of.6
CSI: Birmingham
Manual for Developing Intervention DVDs
I. Filming Interviews and Learn more
A. Introduction
The Conceptual model the CSI project employed an adapted version of
the Slater Model of Narrative Communication. The Narrative portion of
the content consisted of patient interviews. According to the model, when
narrative content is combined with relatively good production quality the
viewers can become “transported” into a story. This immersion info the
story is one of the mechanisms that contribute to a change in behavior
and attitudes.
The construct of homophily or perceived similarities was combined
with a persuasive subtext from the interview process. Race was not the
only component of homophily used. Because focus groups were utilized
earlier in the process, patients were selected that most matched other
demographic characteristics of the hospitals population. Much of the
communication research dealing with source credibility suggests when a
sender of a message has shared homophily with the receiver, the sender
is perceived as more credible. These two elements were used in
conjunction to help the viewers identify with interviewees used in the
story units.7
B. Considerations prior to initiating filming: Many times preparation
for filming can be time consuming. If special attention is given to a few
key areas during production the quality can differ substantially. Not all
technical complications can be corrected in post production, therefore
planning upfront and consideration of these key issues will eliminate
post-production problems.
1. Always insure appropriate audio levels. If audio levels are
very low when recording a segment, increasing the volume of the audio
tracks in post production will increase the amount of distortion, yielding
undesirable results.
2. Capturing optimal footage when filming will minimize
adjustments in the editing phase, increasing the production value of the
video. The production elements the CSI video team focused on consisted
of lighting, audio and filming of the segments.
3. Staging is very important. Consider the room you use, its
natural or existing lighting, the background (is it appropriate for the
video), room size and set up.
C. Lighting/Setup8
When selecting a filming location, one needs to pay special
attention to the lighting of the area. Concerns include: is the light in the
area ample, what type of bulbs are used, can any of the incoming
sunlight interfere with the picture? Answering these questions and
making adjustments will help ensure the best capture quality.
1. The ambient lighting of the filming location will impact
decisions of the staff. If the location is using incandescent bulbs and the
lighting is sufficient, it may be acceptable to film without the use
additional sources of lighting. Room lighting is generally overhead, thus
many times there is insufficient light to properly illuminate the front of
the interviewee’s face. In cases such as these, additional lighting will be
beneficial. When employing additional lights, diffusion umbrellas or
reflectors should be used to ensure the correct amount of light reaches
the subject and prevent over exposure or other adverse affects.
2. Although adding lights to a shot will help brighten the intended
area, additional lights may produce shadows. Shadows in film may be a
desired effect if carefully controlled; however, it can be a distracting
byproduct of light. If a shadow occurs i
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1Phụ lục 1Nhạy cảm văn hóa can thiệp (CSI): BirminghamHọp nhóm trọng điểm giao thứcCan thiệp phát triển giao thứcSự can thiệp của Storyboards2CSI: BirminghamHọp nhóm trọng điểm giao thứcGiao thức và các câu hỏiSở nói đến những người tham gia nhóm tập trung vào:Cảm ơn bạn đã tham gia với chúng tôi vào ngày hôm nay. Tên tôi là ___ và việc hỗ trợ tôi is ____________________. Tôi làm việc cho Cooper Green Mercy Hospital và ______________ works for ____________________. Chúng tôi đang ở đây để có một nhóm thảo luận sẽ giúp chúng tôi để tạo ra một mới kiểm soát huyết áp cao chương trình giáo dục sẽ được chuyển giao cho cộng đồng. Chúng tôi sẽ nói về những thứ như nơi bạn đi cho các thông tin y tế, làm thế nào bạn thích để có được điều này thông tin, và kiến thức và niềm tin về cao huyết áp của bạn. Chúng tôi là có cuộc thảo luận như thế này với một số nhóm bệnh nhân người Mỹ gốc Phi những người đến để Cooper Green Mercy bệnh viện hoặc một phòng khám vệ tinh của chúng tôi.Như bạn đã biết, cộng đồng y tế là có liên quan về tỷ lệ cao cao huyết áp trong số người Mỹ gốc Phi. Để giải quyết vấn đề này, chúng ta cần của bạn thông tin phản hồi và đầu vào vào cách tốt nhất để nâng cao nhận thức. Chúng tôi không muốn bỏ lỡ ý kiến của bạn. Chúng tôi sẽ xem ghi chú và ghi lại các Nhóm thảo luận bằng cách sử dụng một máy ghi băng để đảm bảo rằng chúng tôi có thể nghe tất cả những gì bạn có thể nói. Không có không có câu trả lời đúng hay sai. Chúng tôi muốn nghe những gì bạn suy nghĩ và cảm thấy. Bạn được tự do để thể hiện bất kỳ mối quan tâm bạn có.Ý kiến của bạn được bảo mật. Tên của bạn sẽ không xuất hiện trên bất cứ điều gì mà bạn đã nói trong nhóm hoặc thông tin cá nhân của bạn. Tuy nhiên, để giúp đỡ trong Phiên âm của các băng, chúng tôi sẽ cung cấp cho bạn một số. Đây là chỉ là một cách để bảo vệ tính bảo mật của bạn. Chúng tôi sẽ viết số bạn được cung cấp trên các tên thẻ. Mỗi khi bạn nói, nói số của bạn. Ví dụ (thực hành một Ví dụ với các bài đồng). Có ai có bất kỳ câu hỏi? Đi thôi xung quanh thành phố và cung cấp cho tất cả mọi người của số điện thoại (đồng bài viết những con số trên tên thẻ và phân phối).Chúng tôi là không chính thức vì vậy xin vui lòng cảm thấy miễn phí để có được đồ uống giải khát trong phiên.Trước khi chúng tôi bắt đầu, chúng ta cần phải nhìn vào các hình thức nói hình thức thông báo chấp thuận ở phía trên. Hình thức này là để bảo vệ bạn. Nó sẽ cho bạn tất cả các bạn cần biết về những gì chúng tôi sẽ làm ở đây hôm nay để bạn có thể làm cho một thông báo quyết định rằng đây là một cái gì đó bạn muốn là một phần của, hoặc không. Tôi bây giờ sẽ đọc Các hình thức thông báo chấp thuận thành tiếng khi bạn làm theo cùng với tôi. [Đọc thông báo sự chấp thuận mẫu.] Bạn có bất kỳ câu hỏi nào về nhóm và chúng tôi là gì ở đây để làm? Khi bạn đã sẵn sàng, bạn có thể đặt tên viết tắt của bạn trên hai đầu tiên Trang và ký tên vào cuối trang nơi nó nói các chữ ký của Người tham gia, và viết ngày. Tôi đang ở đây để trả lời bất kỳ câu hỏi nào bạn có thể có về dự án này.Tôi muốn đi qua một số quy tắc mặt đất khác cho nhóm tập trung trước khi chúng tôi bắt đầu. 3• Xin được tôn trọng của tất cả mọi người trong phòng. Không làm gián đoạn một khi họ đang nói.• Một người nên nói chuyện một lúc.• Không làm cho niềm vui của, cuộn mắt của bạn tại, hoặc thử một ai đó cho của họ ý kiến.• Nếu bạn cần phải rời khỏi chỗ cho bất kỳ lý do nào, xin vui lòng thực hiện lặng lẽ. Phòng tắm là ___ nằm.• Hãy tắt hoặc đặt điện thoại di động của bạn trên im lặng hoặc rung động trong các họp nhóm trọng điểm phiên làm việc, do đó, chúng tôi có thể giảm thiểu gián đoạn của chúng tôi.• Bất kỳ câu hỏi?Bây giờ tôi sẽ bật tape-recorder. [Ghi ngày]Huyết áp bình thường cho hầu hết người lớn là ít hơn 120/70 mmHg. Cao huyết áp, thường được gọi là "cao huyết áp", là một y tế điều kiện nơi huyết áp là luôn luôn cao hơn so với máu bình thường tỷ lệ áp lực. Điều này thường có nghĩa là:• Systolic huyết áp được hơn 140 (systolic là "đầu" số đo huyết áp của bạn, đó là áp lực được thực hiện khi các nhịp đập trái tim) • Tâm huyết áp được hơn 90 (tâm là số "dưới cùng" đo huyết áp của bạn, đó là áp lực trong các tàu khi Trung tâm là lúc nghỉ ngơi) Nếu một hoặc cả hai của những con số này là quá cao, bạn có máu cao pressure.4Họp nhóm trọng điểm câu hỏi1. điều gì làm bạn biết [hoặc bạn đã nghe nói] về huyết áp cao?2. tại sao cao huyết áp được gọi là "kẻ giết người im lặng"?3. làm thế nào để người dân trở thành nhận thức được rằng họ có huyết áp cao?a. những gì là có kinh nghiệm như cho họ?4. từ đâu để người dân nhận được thông tin sức khỏe của họ?5. làm thế nào nghiêm trọng có huyết áp cao?a. [thăm dò] những gì có thể xảy ra cho một người nếu của huyết áp là không kiểm soát?6. điều gì làm cho nó khó khăn cho người dân để kiểm soát của huyết áp?a. [thăm dò] Nếu người dùng thuốc để kiểm soát của huyết áp, những gì làm cho rằng khó khăn hơn hoặc dễ dàng hơn cho họ để gắn bó với?sinh [thăm dò] những gì là hữu ích trong việc kiểm soát huyết áp? (thăm dò về vai trò của chế độ ăn uống, hoạt động thể chất, thuốc)7. tại sao bạn nghĩ rằng nhiều người không kiểm soát của huyết áp?8. nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng người Mỹ gốc Phi kinh nghiệm cao máu áp lực các tỷ giá hơn người Mỹ trắng. Tại sao bạn nghĩ rằng đây là như vậy?9. điều gì sẽ là kinh nghiệm của người dân với hệ thống chăm sóc sức khỏe (ví dụ như, bác sĩ, y tá) như thế, trong bối cảnh của xử lý của huyết áp?a. [thăm dò] những gì bác sĩ thảo luận về làm thế nào để kiểm soát huyết áp lực?10. làm mọi người bao giờ để lại văn phòng của bác sĩ mà không có sự hiểu biết những gì họ bạn phải làm gì về của huyết áp?a. nếu như vậy, thì tại sao?11. những gì làm bạn nghĩ rằng cộng đồng của bạn cần phải biết về máu cao áp lực và kiểm soát nó?12. là có bất cứ điều gì khác mà chúng ta nên xem xét rằng chúng tôi đã chưa đề cập đến? 5Điều cuối cùng chúng tôi muốn bạn làm là điền vào cuộc khảo sát này rất ngắn. Chúng tôi yêu cầu thông tin liên lạc của bạn trong trường hợp chúng tôi cần phải liên lạc với bạn cho chúng tôi công việc trong tương lai. Hãy yên tâm rằng chúng tôi sẽ không cho cá nhân của bạn thông tin cho bất cứ ai bên ngoài của nhóm nghiên cứu của chúng tôi. Phần cuối cùng của cuộc khảo sát có câu hỏi mà sẽ giúp chúng tôi để mô tả nhóm như một toàn thể. Chúng tôi là không quan tâm đến thông tin của bất kỳ người một, nhưng chúng tôi sẽ đặt tất cả thông tinvới nhau để mô tả nhóm như một toàn thể.Xin vui lòng chấp nhận thẻ quà tặng này như là một mã thông báo nhỏ của chúng tôi đánh giá cao thời gian của bạn hôm nay. [Phân phối thẻ quà tặng và có được chữ ký, v.v..]Cảm ơn bạn một lần nữa cho thời gian của bạn và giúp với dự án này. Nếu bạn cần nói chuyện với tôi, tôi sẽ xung quanh cho một vài phút hoặc bạn có thể gọi cho văn phòng của tôi lúc 205-930-3600. một lần nữa, cảm ơn bạn. Số điện thoại của tôi cũng thông báo Hình thức đồng ý rằng bạn có một bản sao of.6CSI: BirminghamHướng dẫn sử dụng để phát triển sự can thiệp của DVDI. quay phim phỏng vấn và tìm hiểu thêmA. giới thiệuMô hình khái niệm dự án CSI sử dụng một phiên bản chuyển thể hay nhất Các mô hình Slater tường thuật giao tiếp. Phần tường thuật củanội dung bao gồm các cuộc phỏng vấn bệnh nhân. Theo các mô hình, khi nội dung câu chuyện kết hợp với chất lượng tương đối tốt sản xuất các người xem có thể trở thành "vận chuyển" vào một câu chuyện. Thông tin này ngâm các câu chuyện là một trong những cơ chế đóng góp cho một sự thay đổi trong hành vi và Thái độ. Xây dựng của homophily hoặc cảm nhận điểm tương đồng đã được kết hợp với một subtext thuyết phục từ quá trình phỏng vấn. Chủng tộc không các thành phần duy nhất của homophily được sử dụng. Bởi vì các nhóm tâm điểm đã được sử dụng trước đó trong quá trình này, bệnh nhân đã được lựa chọn hầu hết các kết hợp khác Các đặc điểm nhân khẩu học của bệnh viện dân. Nhiều của các nghiên cứu truyền thông đối phó với nguồn tin cậy cho thấy khi một người gửi của thư đã chia sẻ homophily với người nhận, người gửi được coi là đáng tin cậy hơn. Hai yếu tố được sử dụng trong kết hợp để giúp người xem xác định với phỏng vấn được sử dụng trong các câu chuyện units.7B. cân nhắc trước khi bắt đầu quay phim: chuẩn bị nhiều lần cho quay phim có thể tốn thời gian. Nếu sự chú ý đặc biệt được trao cho một vài các khu vực trọng điểm trong sản xuất chất lượng có thể khác nhau đáng kể. Không phải tất cả kỹ thuật biến chứng có thể được sửa chữa trong sản xuất đăng bài, do đó lập kế hoạch trả trước và xem xét những vấn đề quan trọng sẽ loại bỏ vấn đề sản xuất.1. luôn luôn bảo đảm mức độ âm thanh thích hợp. Nếu mức âm thanh rất thấp khi ghi âm một phân đoạn, tăng âm lượng của âm thanh bài hát trong bài sản xuất sẽ tăng số lượng biến dạng, năng suất kết quả không mong muốn.2. việc chụp cảnh tối ưu khi quay phim sẽ giảm thiểu điều chỉnh trong giai đoạn chỉnh sửa, gia tăng giá trị sản xuất của các video. Các yếu tố sản xuất đội CSI video tập trung vào bao gồm của ánh sáng, âm thanh và quay phim của các phân đoạn.3. tập trung là rất quan trọng. Xem xét phòng bạn sử dụng, của nó ánh sáng tự nhiên hoặc sẵn có, nền (là thích hợp cho các video), kích thước phòng và thiết lập.C. ánh sáng/Setup8Khi chọn một địa điểm quay phim, một trong những cần phải đặc biệt chú ý đến ánh sáng của khu vực. Mối quan tâm bao gồm: là ánh sáng trong cáckhu vực phong phú, loại bóng đèn được sử dụng, có thể bất kỳ cuoäc goïi ñeán ánh sáng mặt trời can thiệp với hình ảnh? Trả lời những câu hỏi này và làm cho điều chỉnh sẽ giúp đảm bảo chất lượng chụp tốt nhất.1. ánh sáng môi trường xung quanh của địa điểm quay phim sẽ ảnh hưởng đến quyết định của nhân viên. Nếu vị trí sử dụng bóng đèn sợi đốt và các ánh sáng là đủ, nó có thể phù hợp với các bộ phim mà không có việc sử dụng bổ sung các nguồn ánh sáng. Ánh sáng phòng nói chung là trên cao, do đó nhiều lần có là không đủ ánh sáng để đúng cách chiếu sáng phía trước của khuôn mặt của phỏng vấn. Trong trường hợp như các, ánh sáng bổ sung sẽ mang lại lợi ích. Khi sử dụng đèn chiếu sáng bổ sung, khuếch tán ô hoặc phản xạ nên được sử dụng để đảm bảo đúng số tiền của ánh sáng đạt Các chủ đề và ngăn chặn qua tiếp xúc hoặc khác ảnh hưởng đến bất lợi.2. mặc dù thêm đèn vào một shot sẽ giúp nhằm mục đích làm sáng. khu vực, đèn bổ sung có thể sản xuất bóng tối. Bóng trong phim có thể một hiệu quả mong muốn nếu kiểm soát cẩn thận; Tuy nhiên, nó có thể là một mất tập trung sản phẩm phụ của ánh sáng. Nếu một bóng xảy ra tôi
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
1
Appendix 1
Culturally Sensitive Intervention (CSI):
Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Intervention Development Protocol
Intervention Storyboards2
CSI: Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Protocol and Questions
Facilitator speaks to focus group participants:
Thank you for joining us today. My name is ________________ and assisting me
is ____________________. I work for Cooper Green Mercy Hospital and
______________ works for ____________________. We are here to have a group
discussion that will help us to create a new high blood pressure control
educational program to be delivered to the community. We will be talking about
things like where you go for health information, how you prefer to get this
information, and your knowledge and beliefs about high blood pressure. We are
having discussions like this with several groups of African American patients
who come to Cooper Green Mercy Hospital or one our satellite clinics.
As you may know, the health community is concerned about the high rate of
hypertension among African Americans. To address this issue, we need your
feedback and input on how best to raise awareness.
We do not want to miss your comments. We will take notes and record the
group discussion using a tape recorder to make sure we are able to hear all that
you have to say. There are no right or wrong answers. We want to hear what
you think and feel. You are free to express any concerns you have.
Your comments are confidential. Your name will not appear on anything that
you have said in the group or your personal information. However, to help in
the transcription of the tapes, we will give you a number. This is just a way to
protect your confidentiality. We will write the number you are given on the
name tag. Every time you speak, say your number. For example (practice an
example with the co-moderator). Does anyone have any questions? Let’s go
around and give everyone their numbers (co-moderator write the numbers on
the name tags and distribute).
We are informal so please feel free to get refreshments during the session.
Before we begin, we need to look at the form that says Informed Consent Form
at the top. This form is for your protection. It tells you all you need to know
about what we are going to do here today so that you can make an informed
decision that this is something you want to be a part of, or not. I will now read
the informed consent form out loud as you follow along with me. [Read informed
consent form.] Do you have any questions about the group and what we are
here to do? When you are ready, you can place your initials on the first two
pages and sign your name on the last page where it says Signature of
Participant, and write the date. I am here to answer any questions you may
have about this project.
I would like to go over some other ground rules for the focus group before we
begin. 3
• Please be respectful of everyone in the room. Do not interrupt
someone when they are speaking.
• One person should speak at a time.
• Do not make fun of, roll your eyes at, or mock someone for their
comments.
• If you need to leave the room for any reason, please do so quietly.
Bathrooms are located _________________.
• Please turn off or put your cell phones on silent or vibrate during the
focus group session, so we can minimize our interruptions.
• Any questions?
I will now turn on the tape-recorder.
[Recorder on]
Normal blood pressure for most adults is less than 120/70 mmHg.
Hypertension, commonly referred to as "high blood pressure", is a medical
condition where the blood pressure is always higher than the normal blood
pressure rate. This generally means:
• Systolic blood pressure stays over 140 (systolic is the "top" number of
your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure made when the
heart beats)
• Diastolic blood pressure stays over 90 (diastolic is the "bottom" number
of your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure in the
vessels when the heart is at rest)
If one or both of these numbers are too high, you have high blood pressure.4
Focus Group Questions
1. What do you know [or have you heard] about high blood pressure?
2. Why is high blood pressure called the “silent killer”?
3. How do people become aware that they have high blood pressure?
a. What is that experience like for them?
4. From where do people get their health information?
5. How serious is having high blood pressure?
a. [probe] What might happen to a person if their blood pressure is not
controlled?
6. What makes it hard for people to control their blood pressure?
a. [probe] If people take medication to control their blood pressure, what
makes that harder or easier for them to stick with?
b. [probe] What is helpful in controlling blood pressure? (probe about
the role of diet, physical activity, medication)
7. Why do you think more people do not control their blood pressure?
8. Research has shown that African Americans experience higher blood
pressure rates than White Americans. Why do you think this is so?
9. What is people’s experience with the health care system (e.g., doctors,
nurses) been like, in the context of handling their blood pressure?
a. [probe] What do doctors discuss about how to control blood
pressure?
10.Do people ever leave a doctor’s office without understanding what they
needed to do about their blood pressure?
a. If so, then why?
11.What do you think your community needs to know about high blood
pressure and controlling it?
12.Is there anything else we should consider that we have not already
mentioned?5
The last thing we would like you to do is fill out this very short survey. We ask
for your contact information in case we need to be in touch with you for our
future work. Please be assured that we will not be giving your personal
information to anyone outside of our research team. The last part of the survey
has questions that will help us to describe the group as a whole. We are not
interested in any one person’s information, but we will put all information
together to describe the group as a whole.
Please accept this gift card as a small token of our appreciation for your time
today. [Distribute gift cards and get signatures, etc.]
Thank you again for your time and help with this project. If you need to speak
with me I will be around for a few minutes or you may call my office at 205-
930-3600. Again, thank you. My phone number is also on the Informed
Consent Form that you have a copy of.6
CSI: Birmingham
Manual for Developing Intervention DVDs
I. Filming Interviews and Learn more
A. Introduction
The Conceptual model the CSI project employed an adapted version of
the Slater Model of Narrative Communication. The Narrative portion of
the content consisted of patient interviews. According to the model, when
narrative content is combined with relatively good production quality the
viewers can become “transported” into a story. This immersion info the
story is one of the mechanisms that contribute to a change in behavior
and attitudes.
The construct of homophily or perceived similarities was combined
with a persuasive subtext from the interview process. Race was not the
only component of homophily used. Because focus groups were utilized
earlier in the process, patients were selected that most matched other
demographic characteristics of the hospitals population. Much of the
communication research dealing with source credibility suggests when a
sender of a message has shared homophily with the receiver, the sender
is perceived as more credible. These two elements were used in
conjunction to help the viewers identify with interviewees used in the
story units.7
B. Considerations prior to initiating filming: Many times preparation
for filming can be time consuming. If special attention is given to a few
key areas during production the quality can differ substantially. Not all
technical complications can be corrected in post production, therefore
planning upfront and consideration of these key issues will eliminate
post-production problems.
1. Always insure appropriate audio levels. If audio levels are
very low when recording a segment, increasing the volume of the audio
tracks in post production will increase the amount of distortion, yielding
undesirable results.
2. Capturing optimal footage when filming will minimize
adjustments in the editing phase, increasing the production value of the
video. The production elements the CSI video team focused on consisted
of lighting, audio and filming of the segments.
3. Staging is very important. Consider the room you use, its
natural or existing lighting, the background (is it appropriate for the
video), room size and set up.
C. Lighting/Setup8
When selecting a filming location, one needs to pay special
attention to the lighting of the area. Concerns include: is the light in the
area ample, what type of bulbs are used, can any of the incoming
sunlight interfere with the picture? Answering these questions and
making adjustments will help ensure the best capture quality.
1. The ambient lighting of the filming location will impact
decisions of the staff. If the location is using incandescent bulbs and the
lighting is sufficient, it may be acceptable to film without the use
additional sources of lighting. Room lighting is generally overhead, thus
many times there is insufficient light to properly illuminate the front of
the interviewee’s face. In cases such as these, additional lighting will be
beneficial. When employing additional lights, diffusion umbrellas or
reflectors should be used to ensure the correct amount of light reaches
the subject and prevent over exposure or other adverse affects.
2. Although adding lights to a shot will help brighten the intended
area, additional lights may produce shadows. Shadows in film may be a
desired effect if carefully controlled; however, it can be a distracting
byproduct of light. If a shadow occurs i
Appendix 1
Culturally Sensitive Intervention (CSI):
Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Intervention Development Protocol
Intervention Storyboards2
CSI: Birmingham
Focus Group Protocol
Protocol and Questions
Facilitator speaks to focus group participants:
Thank you for joining us today. My name is ________________ and assisting me
is ____________________. I work for Cooper Green Mercy Hospital and
______________ works for ____________________. We are here to have a group
discussion that will help us to create a new high blood pressure control
educational program to be delivered to the community. We will be talking about
things like where you go for health information, how you prefer to get this
information, and your knowledge and beliefs about high blood pressure. We are
having discussions like this with several groups of African American patients
who come to Cooper Green Mercy Hospital or one our satellite clinics.
As you may know, the health community is concerned about the high rate of
hypertension among African Americans. To address this issue, we need your
feedback and input on how best to raise awareness.
We do not want to miss your comments. We will take notes and record the
group discussion using a tape recorder to make sure we are able to hear all that
you have to say. There are no right or wrong answers. We want to hear what
you think and feel. You are free to express any concerns you have.
Your comments are confidential. Your name will not appear on anything that
you have said in the group or your personal information. However, to help in
the transcription of the tapes, we will give you a number. This is just a way to
protect your confidentiality. We will write the number you are given on the
name tag. Every time you speak, say your number. For example (practice an
example with the co-moderator). Does anyone have any questions? Let’s go
around and give everyone their numbers (co-moderator write the numbers on
the name tags and distribute).
We are informal so please feel free to get refreshments during the session.
Before we begin, we need to look at the form that says Informed Consent Form
at the top. This form is for your protection. It tells you all you need to know
about what we are going to do here today so that you can make an informed
decision that this is something you want to be a part of, or not. I will now read
the informed consent form out loud as you follow along with me. [Read informed
consent form.] Do you have any questions about the group and what we are
here to do? When you are ready, you can place your initials on the first two
pages and sign your name on the last page where it says Signature of
Participant, and write the date. I am here to answer any questions you may
have about this project.
I would like to go over some other ground rules for the focus group before we
begin. 3
• Please be respectful of everyone in the room. Do not interrupt
someone when they are speaking.
• One person should speak at a time.
• Do not make fun of, roll your eyes at, or mock someone for their
comments.
• If you need to leave the room for any reason, please do so quietly.
Bathrooms are located _________________.
• Please turn off or put your cell phones on silent or vibrate during the
focus group session, so we can minimize our interruptions.
• Any questions?
I will now turn on the tape-recorder.
[Recorder on]
Normal blood pressure for most adults is less than 120/70 mmHg.
Hypertension, commonly referred to as "high blood pressure", is a medical
condition where the blood pressure is always higher than the normal blood
pressure rate. This generally means:
• Systolic blood pressure stays over 140 (systolic is the "top" number of
your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure made when the
heart beats)
• Diastolic blood pressure stays over 90 (diastolic is the "bottom" number
of your blood pressure measurement, which is the pressure in the
vessels when the heart is at rest)
If one or both of these numbers are too high, you have high blood pressure.4
Focus Group Questions
1. What do you know [or have you heard] about high blood pressure?
2. Why is high blood pressure called the “silent killer”?
3. How do people become aware that they have high blood pressure?
a. What is that experience like for them?
4. From where do people get their health information?
5. How serious is having high blood pressure?
a. [probe] What might happen to a person if their blood pressure is not
controlled?
6. What makes it hard for people to control their blood pressure?
a. [probe] If people take medication to control their blood pressure, what
makes that harder or easier for them to stick with?
b. [probe] What is helpful in controlling blood pressure? (probe about
the role of diet, physical activity, medication)
7. Why do you think more people do not control their blood pressure?
8. Research has shown that African Americans experience higher blood
pressure rates than White Americans. Why do you think this is so?
9. What is people’s experience with the health care system (e.g., doctors,
nurses) been like, in the context of handling their blood pressure?
a. [probe] What do doctors discuss about how to control blood
pressure?
10.Do people ever leave a doctor’s office without understanding what they
needed to do about their blood pressure?
a. If so, then why?
11.What do you think your community needs to know about high blood
pressure and controlling it?
12.Is there anything else we should consider that we have not already
mentioned?5
The last thing we would like you to do is fill out this very short survey. We ask
for your contact information in case we need to be in touch with you for our
future work. Please be assured that we will not be giving your personal
information to anyone outside of our research team. The last part of the survey
has questions that will help us to describe the group as a whole. We are not
interested in any one person’s information, but we will put all information
together to describe the group as a whole.
Please accept this gift card as a small token of our appreciation for your time
today. [Distribute gift cards and get signatures, etc.]
Thank you again for your time and help with this project. If you need to speak
with me I will be around for a few minutes or you may call my office at 205-
930-3600. Again, thank you. My phone number is also on the Informed
Consent Form that you have a copy of.6
CSI: Birmingham
Manual for Developing Intervention DVDs
I. Filming Interviews and Learn more
A. Introduction
The Conceptual model the CSI project employed an adapted version of
the Slater Model of Narrative Communication. The Narrative portion of
the content consisted of patient interviews. According to the model, when
narrative content is combined with relatively good production quality the
viewers can become “transported” into a story. This immersion info the
story is one of the mechanisms that contribute to a change in behavior
and attitudes.
The construct of homophily or perceived similarities was combined
with a persuasive subtext from the interview process. Race was not the
only component of homophily used. Because focus groups were utilized
earlier in the process, patients were selected that most matched other
demographic characteristics of the hospitals population. Much of the
communication research dealing with source credibility suggests when a
sender of a message has shared homophily with the receiver, the sender
is perceived as more credible. These two elements were used in
conjunction to help the viewers identify with interviewees used in the
story units.7
B. Considerations prior to initiating filming: Many times preparation
for filming can be time consuming. If special attention is given to a few
key areas during production the quality can differ substantially. Not all
technical complications can be corrected in post production, therefore
planning upfront and consideration of these key issues will eliminate
post-production problems.
1. Always insure appropriate audio levels. If audio levels are
very low when recording a segment, increasing the volume of the audio
tracks in post production will increase the amount of distortion, yielding
undesirable results.
2. Capturing optimal footage when filming will minimize
adjustments in the editing phase, increasing the production value of the
video. The production elements the CSI video team focused on consisted
of lighting, audio and filming of the segments.
3. Staging is very important. Consider the room you use, its
natural or existing lighting, the background (is it appropriate for the
video), room size and set up.
C. Lighting/Setup8
When selecting a filming location, one needs to pay special
attention to the lighting of the area. Concerns include: is the light in the
area ample, what type of bulbs are used, can any of the incoming
sunlight interfere with the picture? Answering these questions and
making adjustments will help ensure the best capture quality.
1. The ambient lighting of the filming location will impact
decisions of the staff. If the location is using incandescent bulbs and the
lighting is sufficient, it may be acceptable to film without the use
additional sources of lighting. Room lighting is generally overhead, thus
many times there is insufficient light to properly illuminate the front of
the interviewee’s face. In cases such as these, additional lighting will be
beneficial. When employing additional lights, diffusion umbrellas or
reflectors should be used to ensure the correct amount of light reaches
the subject and prevent over exposure or other adverse affects.
2. Although adding lights to a shot will help brighten the intended
area, additional lights may produce shadows. Shadows in film may be a
desired effect if carefully controlled; however, it can be a distracting
byproduct of light. If a shadow occurs i
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