How Leaders Create Org Cultures• mysterious: how does it happen? • Culture Beginnings and the Impact of Founders as Leaders • spring from three sources: 1. beliefs, values, and assumptions of founders 2. learning experiences of group members 3. new beliefs, values, and assumptions brought by new members • Impact of founder most important. • Orgs do not form spontaneously or accidently. • The process of culture formation is the process of creating a small group: 1. single person (founder) has idea. 2. founder brings in one or more people and creates core group. They share vision and believe in the risk. 3. founding group acts in concert, raises money, work space... 4. Others are brought in and a history is begun. • Jones an example of "visible management" Culture does not survive if the main culture carriers depart and if bulk of members leave. • Smithfield started things and then left them to the members. • Murphy of Action: Total consensus had to be met. Open office landscape. How Founders/Leaders Embed and Transmit Culture• Leader assumptions are "taught" to the group. • Things tried out are leader imposed teaching. • how do leaders get their ideas implemented? socialization charisma acting, by doing, exuding confidence Culture-Embedding Mechanisms Primary Embedding Mechanisms Secondary Articulation and Reinforcement Mechanisms What leaders pay attention to, measure, and control on a regular basis. Organization design and structure How leaders react to critical incidents and organizational crises. Organizational systems and procedures Observed criteria by which leaders allocate scarce resources. Organizational rites and rituals Deliberate role modeling, teaching, and coaching Design of physical space, facades, and buildings Observed criteria by which leaders allocate rewards and status. Stories, legends, and myths about people and events. Observed criteria by which leaders recruit, select, promote, retire, and excommunicate organizational members. Formal statements of organizational philosophy, values, and creed. Primary Embedding Mechanisms• called "climate" of the organization • "Climate" precedes existence of a group culture. Return to Culture-Embedding Mechanisms Table
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