There are two possible reasons for the lack of a consistently positive relationship between MROI and profits. One is theoretical and the other is empirical. The popular reason for the lack of a consistently positive correlation between MROI and profits is measurement error. It is difficult to measure MROI. James Lenskold is a strong proponent of MROI as a positive measure of profitable performance. However, he provides e ight reasons why higher MROI is not always associated with higher profitability (Lenskold 2003 p.64). The eight reasons for the lack of a positive correlation are primarily errors in the measurement of MROI. They range from inappropriate conceptualization, faulty definition to inaccurate measurements. James Lenskold defines MROI as MROI = (Gross Margin – Investment)/Investment where Gross Margin =net present value of revenue and expense income flowsInvestment = net present value of the sum of all at-risk marketing expenses.Many marketers like to think of their marketing efforts having long-term benefits and feel that marketing expenses should be defined as marketing “investments” (Hawkin et al., 1987). There is no doubt that promotional expenditures and improvements in product quality can create assets such as brand equity and patents, however, the history of the expenditures needed to create the asset is not the market value of the finished investment.
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