Floods – Vietnam experiences several types of flooding. Intense rainfall associated with typhoons frequently causes immense destruction in heavily populated coastal areas as well as in the Red River and Mekong deltas, the country’s major rice-growing areas. These deltas are also vulnerable to flooding caused by heavy monsoon rainfall. Rainfall that is less immediately damaging but results in prolonged inundation can also cause severe economic and social damage; long-standing waters damage crops and property, and can adversely impact health by allowing disease vectors to spread. Flash flooding and landslides are a risk in hilly terrain, which covers three fourths of the country. With wet seasons projected to get wetter withclimate change, rainfall is expected to be concentrated even more in the rainy seasons, leading to an increase in the intensity, frequency, and duration of floods.40 Climate change is also expected to exacerbate flood risk by raising sea level and thus storm surge. Without major actions such as dyke reinforcement and improved drainage, nearly 5 percent of Vietnam’s area is at risk of inundation by 2100 due to the added threat of sea level rise caused by climate change.41
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