Eastern thoughts (e.g. Tao) offer the belief systems that accept contradictionsand fuzziness, systems that work withA and not-A, with yin and yang. (TheTao symbol actually shows the black within the white and the white withinthe black – in constant motion.) In the fuzziest case, the glass of water is ashalf empty as half full, where yin equals yang (in the ancient Tao philosophy).According to Kosko (1994), ‘the yin-yang symbol is the emblem of fuzziness’which depicts a world of opposites and ‘fuzzy logic begins where westernlogic ends’ (Kosko 1994, pp. 14–17). The fuzzy approach offers an alternativeto positivism (Kosko 1994; Zadeh 1965; Zimmermann 2001).
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