Trang 41 Visual Devices
Combining Effects
The Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at Havard University, designed by James Sterling in 1987, combines two effects, forced perceived and a scale shift. The monumental, single-directional staircase narrows as it moves upward, exaggerating the visual phenomenon of a onepoint perspective. The perceived distance is increased again by the placement of the torso of a Roman statue of Aphrodite, dating from the second century B.C. The viewer anticipates that the torso is a larger-than-life marble sculpture, appering smaller because of its great distance from the bottom of the staircase. The deception is revealed when the visior reaches the destination more quickly than anticipated and then discovers that the torso is a mere 38 in. (970 mm) high.
Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates used a number of illusionary principles in their 1981 design of the Sainsbury Wing addition to the National Gallery located in London's Trafagar Square. Walking toward the new galleries, the viewer is confronted with a series of four arched entries. The arches recede in actual size, proportionally, the way they would appear in perspective, forcing the view to appear longer than its measured length. This distance is given even greater depth by the placement of a painting, the Incredulity of Saint Thomas by Cima (c.1504): its arched top continues the visual rhythm created by the forced perspective and leads the eye beyoud the back wall on which the painting is placed.
SECTION THROUGH MAIN STAIR Sainsbury Wing, National Gallery, London; Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates
VIEW FROM POINT "B"
LOCATION OF PAINTING, THE INCREDULITY OF SAINT THOMAS Sainsbury Wing, National Gallery, London; Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates
ROOM KEY
A. Galleries
B. Bridge to existing galleries
a. Passenger elevators
b. Entrance area to gallery
PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION
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