The economic depression in the late

The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870’s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific region of the country, and emphasized the “true” relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.
Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South; Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah One Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country’s most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.
Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience. Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie , he said, was “not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.”

Kết quả (Trung) 1:

The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870’s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific region of the country, and emphasized the “true” relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South; Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah One Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country’s most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.其他作家甚至与现实主义开始不耐烦了。他们推向极限的进化理论，写一个残酷和无情的环境决定人类命运的世界。这些作家，被称为博物学家，往往专注于经济困难，研究人疲于应付贫困，以及工业和都市生活的其他方面。博物学家带给他们的写作热情直接、 诚实的经历。西奥多 · 德莱塞，最重要的是自然主义的作家，在小说嘉莉妹妹 》 等严肃地描绘了一个黑暗的世界，人类被让力量超出他们的理解或控制人摇荡。德莱塞认为作家应该说实话关于人类的事务，不制造浪漫，和嘉莉妹妹 》，他说，是"不能作为一块文学的制作工艺，但是是一个图片的条件。"

Kết quả (Trung) 3:

在第十九世纪末美国经济衰退导致对现实主义和自然主义文学的生长运动。1870年代后，一些重要的作者开始拒绝立即笼罩1861-1865年内战后的浪漫主义转向现实主义。决定将生活了，忠实和准确的表示现实生活中没有理想化的，他们研究了当地的方言，写故事，集中在特定国家的地区生活，并强调“人与人之间的真实关系。在这样做时，他们体现在更广泛的社会趋势，如工业化，进化论强调环境对人类的影响，和科学的影响。
现实主义者如乔尔-钱德勒哈里斯和艾伦格拉斯哥描绘生活在南方；哈姆林加兰说大平原上的生活；和莎拉朱厄特写的关于在新英格兰乡村日常生活。另一个现实主义者，布雷特哈特，成名的故事，描绘了加利福尼亚矿区当地生活。塞缪尔克莱门斯，谁用这个笔名马克吐温，成为该国最杰出的现实主义作家，观察生活在他与幽默与怀疑的眼光。在他的小说里，吐温凭借自己的经历，用方言和普通话而不是文学语言，触及了美国散文风格的一大变化。
其他作家变得不耐烦甚至与现实主义。进化理论推到极限，他们写了一个世界，一个残酷无情的环境决定人的命运。这些作家，被称为自然主义者，往往集中在经济困难，研究人在贫穷中挣扎，与城市和工业生活的其他方面。他们写的直接和诚实的体验激情带来的自然主义者。西奥多德莱塞，最重要的自然主义作家，小说如卡丽姐姐，冷冷地描绘了一个黑暗的世界中，人类是被理解或控制的力量。德莱塞认为，作家应该说真话有关人类事务的，不是制造浪漫，和妹妹卡丽，他说，“不是一块文学技艺，但图片的条件。“