30100:26:56,880 --> 00:27:01,351among them a grey-haired lance corporalwho had one of his feet almost blown off30200:27:01,440 --> 00:27:05,797"Thank God for this I've been waiting18 months for it and now l can go home"30300:27:11,600 --> 00:27:14,433Sassoon's raid was launchedfrom these trenches.30400:27:17,160 --> 00:27:19,116The obJective this ridge.30500:27:21,760 --> 00:27:23,716But it all went badly wrong.30600:27:25,080 --> 00:27:28,914I went to look for O'Briengroping my way along the edge of a crater 30700:27:29,100 --> 00:27:30,718Bullets hit the water near me30800:27:30,800 --> 00:27:31,949(Explosion)30900:27:32,040 --> 00:27:33,996There I discovered him31000:27:34,080 --> 00:27:37,629He moaned he'd been hit several times31100:27:37,720 --> 00:27:40,951The stretcher-bearer bent over himthen straightened31200:27:42,280 --> 00:27:44,919In a surprising gesture he took off his helmet31300:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,958O'Brien had been one of the best menin our company31400:28:06,480 --> 00:28:08,471Shelling was the biggest killer of the war.31500:28:16,280 --> 00:28:18,271"Live and let live" continued on and off,31600:28:18,360 --> 00:28:22,592but the loss of comradesmade it increasingly difficult to sustain .31700:28:48,760 --> 00:28:50,990speaking for my companions and myself31800:28:51,080 --> 00:28:56,313I can categorically state thatwe were in no mood for any joviality with Jerry31900:28:57,920 --> 00:28:59,592We hated his guts32000:28:59,680 --> 00:29:02,831We were bent on his destructionat each and every opportunity32100:29:04,720 --> 00:29:09,475Our greatest wish was to be granted an enemytarget worthy of our Vickers machine gun32200:29:16,920 --> 00:29:18,876(Explosions and gunfire)32300:29:32,640 --> 00:29:34,915We were under shellfire for eight hours32400:29:35,920 --> 00:29:37,592It was like a dream32500:29:37,680 --> 00:29:40,638some of the men looked quite insaneafter the charge32600:29:46,880 --> 00:29:48,518As we entered the German trenches32700:29:48,600 --> 00:29:51,433a great number came out asking for mercy32800:29:51,520 --> 00:29:54,512Needless to say they were shot right off32900:29:58,400 --> 00:30:00,868The Royal scots took about 300 prisoners33000:30:00,960 --> 00:30:03,235and immediately shot the whole lot33100:30:07,480 --> 00:30:11,917There were many cases on both sidesof prisoners being killed after surrender.33200:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,673Such atrocities fuelled hatred further.33300:30:18,160 --> 00:30:20,116But many prisoners were captured.33400:30:22,760 --> 00:30:26,230They provided excellent opportunitiesfor propaganda.33500:30:29,960 --> 00:30:32,110British newsreel film of German POWs33600:30:32,200 --> 00:30:37,149was used to convince audiences back homethat Britain was gaining the upper hand.33700:30:40,920 --> 00:30:44,515By the end of the war, there were nearlynine million prisoners in total33800:30:44,600 --> 00:30:47,114and captivity was not their only hardship.33900:30:48,720 --> 00:30:51,678It's already been two yearssince you were here last34000:30:51,760 --> 00:30:54,593and Mother Nature needsto fulfil her urges again34100:30:55,480 --> 00:30:59,029As you can't come and see meI'm forced to go looking elsewhere34200:30:59,120 --> 00:31:01,918Don't think I'm joking I'm serious34300:31:02,000 --> 00:31:07,120l don't care what you think of me but you can'texpect me to waste my youth like this34400:31:08,080 --> 00:31:10,389After all I'm not made of wood34500:31:10,480 --> 00:31:13,597And what a person needs a person must get34600:31:14,840 --> 00:31:16,990Please don't be cross with me will you?34700:31:17,080 --> 00:31:19,036Your ever-loving Thelma34800:31:20,000 --> 00:31:22,833Your sweet children send you lots of love34900:31:25,640 --> 00:31:29,918Another German wife was careful to reassureher absent husband.35000:31:30,000 --> 00:31:34,994We've got a real slut in our housewho's always got someone new with her35100:31:35,080 --> 00:31:38,595That bitch isn't good enoughfor such a decent man35200:31:38,680 --> 00:31:41,319The poor thing fights at the front
353
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:45,359
while she swans off to the cinema and the pub
with the other fellows back home
354
00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:47,719
Dearest man
355
00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:49,631
please don't think evil thoughts
356
00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:53,838
because there are also good women
who are faithful to their men
357
00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,919
Letters from home were the soldiers' lifeline.
358
00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:10,317
German troops were offered
these beguiling colour postcards
359
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:14,075
to reassure loved ones
that they were comfortable, happy and safe.
360
00:32:20,080 --> 00:32:22,753
But news from the front was rarely so cosy.
361
00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:27,879
A German factory worker,
learning that her husband had been killed,
362
00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:29,916
wrote to her boss to resign .
363
00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:35,148
My beloved husband worked here for years
364
00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:37,276
and I did the same work with his tools
365
00:32:37,360 --> 00:32:42,195
And I was proud that while he was fighting
at the front I could represent him here
366
00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:47,752
It was not always pleasant in the factory
but my husband's letters gave me courage
367
00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:51,958
And so until his death
the job was sacrosanct to me
368
00:32:53,120 --> 00:32:55,076
That's why l can't do it any more
369
00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:05,632
More and more women in Germany,
France and Britain were making munitions.
370
00:33:08,320 --> 00:33:11,995
Many men were contemptuous
of women 's abilities to do their Jobs,
371
00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:16,278
and fearful that if they managed it,
the women might not clear off after the war.
372
00:33:19,520 --> 00:33:23,069
Jeannie Riley wrote to her husband at the front
about her new Job.
373
00:33:24,880 --> 00:33:28,031
We were told that the amount of work
we do in three weeks
374
00:33:28,120 --> 00:33:30,156
would have taken the men three years
375
00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:33,232
And Jamie the men are getting quite mad at us
376
00:33:33,320 --> 00:33:37,871
One woman I work with well she lost her finger
in a machine in the works
377
00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:39,632
But she's a tough one
378
00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:42,029
When she came back
from the Western Infirmary
379
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:44,156
she carried on like nothing had happened
380
00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:48,556
(sighs) l have to get up at half past four
every morning
381
00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:52,076
so I'll have you up at the same time
when you come home
382
00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:54,355
if God spares you
383
00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:58,033
Jeannie's husband Jamie
did come safely home.
384
00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:05,876
The most important battle Jeannie Riley and
her colleagues were working towards in 1916
385
00:34:05,960 --> 00:34:08,110
was the Somme.
386
00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:12,592
It's now a byword
for wholesale suffering and slaughter,
387
00:34:12,680 --> 00:34:15,831
but its architect, General Sir Henry Rawlinson,
388
00:34:15,920 --> 00:34:19,037
conceived it as an offensive
with limited obJectives,
389
00:34:19,120 --> 00:34:21,350
more dependent on guns than manpower.
390
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:29,473
With plenty of guns and ammunition
391
00:34:29,560 --> 00:34:32,233
we ought to be able to avoid the heavy losses
392
00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:35,949
which the infantry have always suffered
on previous occasions
393
00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:40,350
The French were due to play the lead role,
394
00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:43,512
but with Verdun dragging on,
the British bore the brunt.
395
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,909
And there was intense political pressure
to deliver a victory.
396
00:34:50,960 --> 00:34:54,555
General Sir Douglas Haig
was the British Army's Commander in Chief.
397
00:34:54,640 --> 00:34:57,996
He turned Rawlinson's plan
into a maJor offensive.
398
00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:06,598
When the British guns opened up
on the Somme on 24 June 1916,
399
00:35:06,680 --> 00:35:10,195
the windows rattled in London 160 miles away.
400
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:23,556
But after seven days of bombardment,
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